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Diffstat (limited to 'x11vnc/README')
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/README | 2464 |
1 files changed, 1350 insertions, 1114 deletions
diff --git a/x11vnc/README b/x11vnc/README index 0c91b6e..7772c6c 100644 --- a/x11vnc/README +++ b/x11vnc/README @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -x11vnc README file Date: Sun Mar 12 00:13:22 EST 2006 +x11vnc README file Date: Mon Mar 27 23:19:59 EST 2006 The following information is taken from these URLs: @@ -27,9 +27,11 @@ x11vnc: a VNC server for real X displays problems centered around esoteric C++ toolkits. x11vnc is written in plain C and uses only standard libraries. I also added a some enhancements to improve the interactive response, add esoteric - features, etc. This page and the [7]FAQ contain a lot of information - [8][*] and solutions to many problems, but please feel free to - [9]contact me if you have problems or questions. + features, etc. + + This page and the [7]FAQ contain a lot of information [8][*] and + solutions to many problems, but please feel free to [9]contact me if + you have problems or questions. Background: @@ -206,7 +208,7 @@ splay :0' If the machine you SSH into is not the same machine with the X display you wish to view (e.g. your company provides incoming SSH access to a gateway machine), then you need to change the above to, e.g.: "-L - 5900:otherhost:5900". Once logged in, you'll need to do a second login + 5900:OtherHOST:5900". Once logged in, you'll need to do a second login (ssh, rsh, etc.) to the workstation machine 'otherhost' and then start up x11vnc on it (if it isn't already running). For an automatic way to use a gateway and have all the network traffic encrypted (including @@ -311,9 +313,9 @@ vncviewer -via $host localhost:0 # must be TightVNC vncviewer. protection (-rfbauth or -passwdfile), it will NOT do it for you automatically or force you to. The same goes for encrypting the channel between the viewer and x11vnc: it is up to you to use ssh, - stunnel, VPN, etc. For additional safety, also look into the -allow - and -localhost [38]options and building x11vnc with [39]tcp_wrappers - support to limit host access. + stunnel, -ssl mode, a VPN, etc. For additional safety, also look into + the -allow and -localhost [38]options and building x11vnc with + [39]tcp_wrappers support to limit host access. _________________________________________________________________ @@ -354,37 +356,41 @@ exec /usr/bin/ssh -t -L 5900:localhost:5900 $gateway \ _________________________________________________________________ - Tunnelling x11vnc via SSL/stunnel: + Tunnelling x11vnc via SSL: One can also encrypt the VNC traffic using an SSL tunnel such as - [40]stunnel. Although not as ubiquitous as ssh, SSL tunnelling still - provides a useful alternative. See [41]this FAQ on stunnel for details - and examples. + [40]stunnel or using the built-in (Mar/2006) [41]-ssl openssl mode. A + SSL-enabled Java applet VNC Viewer is also provided (and https can be + used to download it). + + Although not as ubiquitous as ssh, SSL tunnelling still provides a + useful alternative. See [42]this FAQ on -ssl and -stunnel modes for + details and examples. _________________________________________________________________ Downloading x11vnc: - x11vnc is a contributed program to the [42]LibVNCServer project at + x11vnc is a contributed program to the [43]LibVNCServer project at SourceForge.net. I use libvncserver for all of the VNC aspects; I couldn't have done without it. The full source code may be found and downloaded (either file-release tarball or CVS tree) from the above - link. As of Feb 2006, the [43]x11vnc-0.8.tar.gz source package is - released (recommended download). The [44]x11vnc 0.8 release notes. + link. As of Feb 2006, the [44]x11vnc-0.8.tar.gz source package is + released (recommended download). The [45]x11vnc 0.8 release notes. The x11vnc package is the subset of the libvncserver package needed to build the x11vnc program. Also, you can get a copy of my latest, - bleeding edge [45]x11vnc-0.8.1.tar.gz tarball to build the most up to + bleeding edge [46]x11vnc-0.8.1.tar.gz tarball to build the most up to date one. - Precompiled Binaries/Packages: See the [46]FAQ below for information + Precompiled Binaries/Packages: See the [47]FAQ below for information about where you might obtain a precompiled x11vnc binary from 3rd parties and some ones I create. To obtain VNC viewers for the viewing side (Windows, Mac OS, or Unix) try these links: - * [47]http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html - * [48]http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html - * [49]http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ + * [48]http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html + * [49]http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html + * [50]http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ More tools: Here is a rsh/ssh wrapper script rx11vnc that attempts to @@ -395,8 +401,8 @@ exec /usr/bin/ssh -t -L 5900:localhost:5900 $gateway \ rx11vnc.pl that attempts to tunnel the vnc traffic through an ssh port redirection (and does not assume port 5900 is free). Have a look at them to see what they do and customize as needed: - * [50]rx11vnc wrapper script - * [51]rx11vnc.pl wrapper script to tunnel traffic thru ssh + * [51]rx11vnc wrapper script + * [52]rx11vnc.pl wrapper script to tunnel traffic thru ssh _________________________________________________________________ @@ -427,8 +433,8 @@ exec /usr/bin/ssh -t -L 5900:localhost:5900 $gateway \ Note: Currently gcc is required to build libvncserver. In some cases it will build with non-gcc compilers, but the resulting binary sometimes fails to run properly. For Solaris pre-built gcc binaries - are at [52]http://www.sunfreeware.com/. Some Solaris pre-built x11vnc - binaries are [53]here. + are at [53]http://www.sunfreeware.com/. Some Solaris pre-built x11vnc + binaries are [54]here. However, one user reports it does work fine when built with Sun Studio 10, so YMMV. In fact, here is a little build script to do this on @@ -448,14 +454,14 @@ export MAKE AM_CFLAGS $MAKE In general you can use the "make -e" trick if you don't like - libvncserver's choice of AM_CFLAGS. See the [54]build scripts below + libvncserver's choice of AM_CFLAGS. See the [55]build scripts below for more ideas. _________________________________________________________________ Misc. Build problems: We collect here rare build problems some users have reported and the corresponding workarounds. See also the - [55]FAQ's on building. + [56]FAQ's on building. One user had a problem where the build script below was failing because his work environment had the ENV variable set to a script that @@ -513,9 +519,9 @@ r/sfw; make' If your system does not have these libraries at all you can get the source for the libraries to build them: libjpeg is available at - [56]ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/ and zlib at - [57]http://www.gzip.org/zlib/. See also - [58]http://www.sunfreeware.com/ for Solaris binary packages of these + [57]ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/ and zlib at + [58]http://www.gzip.org/zlib/. See also + [59]http://www.sunfreeware.com/ for Solaris binary packages of these libraries as well as for gcc. Normally they will install into /usr/local but you can install them anywhere with the --prefix=/path/to/anywhere, etc. @@ -586,7 +592,7 @@ ls -l ./x11vnc/x11vnc script. If you need to build on Solaris 2.5.1 or earlier or other older Unix - OS's, see [59]this workaround FAQ. + OS's, see [60]this workaround FAQ. Building on FreeBSD, OpenBSD, ...: The jpeg libraries seem to be in @@ -627,50 +633,64 @@ make Spring 2006. The version 0.8.1 beta tarball is kept here: - [60]x11vnc-0.8.1.tar.gz + [61]x11vnc-0.8.1.tar.gz There are also some Linux, Solaris, and other OS test binaries - [61]here. Please kick the tires and report bugs, performance - regressions, undesired behavior, etc. to [62]me. + [62]here. Please kick the tires and report bugs, performance + regressions, undesired behavior, etc. to [63]me. Here are some features that will appear in the 0.8.1 release: - * The [63]-unixpw option supports Unix username and password - authentication (a variant is the [64]-unixpw_nis option for use in - NIS environments). The [65]-localhost and [66]-stunnel options are - enforced in this mode (the latter is lifted if a SSH tunnel can be - inferred). - * The [67]-stunnel option starts up a SSL tunnel server stunnel + * The [64]-unixpw option supports Unix username and password + authentication (a variant is the [65]-unixpw_nis option that works + in NIS environments). The [66]-ssl or [67]-localhost + + [68]-stunnel options are enforced in this mode to prevent password + sniffing. As a convenience, the -ssl or -stunnel requirements are + lifted if a SSH tunnel can be deduced (but -localhost still + applies). + * The [69]-ssl option provides SSL encryption and authentication + natively via the [70]www.openssl.org library. One can use from a + simple self-signed certificate server certificate up to full CA + and client certificate authentication schemes. + * The [71]-stunnel option starts up a SSL tunnel server stunnel (that must be installed separately on the system: - [68]www.stunnel.org) to allow only encrypted SSL connections from + [72]www.stunnel.org) to allow only encrypted SSL connections from the network. - * The [69]-usepw option will try to use your existing ~/.vnc/passwd + * The [73]-sslverify option allows for authenticating VNC clients + via their certificates in either -ssl or -stunnel modes. + * An SSL enabled Java applet VNC Viewer applet is provided in + classes/ssl/VncViewer.jar. It may also be loaded into the web + browser via https (http over SSL) in addition to http. (via the + VNC port or also by the separate [74]-https port option). + * The [75]-usepw option will try to use your existing ~/.vnc/passwd or ~/.vnc/passwfile passwords or otherwise prompt you to create one (the server exits unless a password file is found and used). * The X CLIPBOARD selection is now managed in addition to PRIMARY. - Use [70]-noclipboard and [71]-nosetclipboard for the previous + Use [76]-noclipboard and [77]-nosetclipboard for the previous PRIMARY-only behavior. + * The [78]-xinerama option is now on by default. Use -noxinerama + option to disable. Here are the release notes for the recent 0.8 release: * TightVNC file transfer added to libvncserver by Rohit Kumar is - enabled (use [72]-nofilexfer to disable). - * The [73]-passwdfile option has been enhanced to handle any number + enabled (use [79]-nofilexfer to disable). + * The [80]-passwdfile option has been enhanced to handle any number of full-access and view only passwords in an easy to maintain format. Automatic rereading or file removal can be enabled. - * The [74]-8to24 option enables some multi-depth viewing on systems - that don't support [75]-overlay. The 8bpp regions are transformed + * The [81]-8to24 option enables some multi-depth viewing on systems + that don't support [82]-overlay. The 8bpp regions are transformed to depth 24 TrueColor. - * The [76]-loop option will run x11vnc in an outer loop restarting + * The [83]-loop option will run x11vnc in an outer loop restarting each time (useful for situations where the X server restarts often). - * The [77]-afteraccept option is like [78]-accept however it enables + * The [84]-afteraccept option is like [85]-accept however it enables running a user supplied command after client authentication has taken place. The RFB_* environment variables have been extended. - * The [79]-slow_fb allows for slow polling for special purpose + * The [86]-slow_fb allows for slow polling for special purpose applications (e.g. video). - * [80]-blackout noptr,WxH+X+Y,... will prevent the pointer from + * [87]-blackout noptr,WxH+X+Y,... will prevent the pointer from going into a blacked out region. * The x11vnc source code has gone through a major reorganization. The build has been enhanced and many bugs fixed. @@ -678,17 +698,17 @@ make Here are some notes about features added in 0.7.2. Checking/Testing them is still useful and appreciated! - Note that the [81]X DAMAGE feature will be on by default and so I am - interested if that causes any problems. I'd also like to have the new - [82]wireframe move/resize, the [83]wireframe copyrect translation, and - the [84]scroll detection+copyrect features all on by default as well - since when they work they give a great speedup! (CopyRect is a VNC - encoding and is very fast because the viewer already has the image - data that needs to be copied: e.g. it just moves it to another part of - its screen). The scroll copyrect is currently the least stable, you - can toggle it off via "-noscr" or via the gui (all of the other new - features can also be toggled by cmdline option or gui, see -help - output for more info). + Note that the [88]X DAMAGE feature will be on by default and so I + am interested if that causes any problems. I'd also like to have + the new [89]wireframe move/resize, the [90]wireframe copyrect + translation, and the [91]scroll detection+copyrect features all on + by default as well since when they work they give a great speedup! + (CopyRect is a VNC encoding and is very fast because the viewer + already has the image data that needs to be copied: e.g. it just + moves it to another part of its screen). The scroll copyrect is + currently the least stable, you can toggle it off via "-noscr" or + via the gui (all of the other new features can also be toggled by + cmdline option or gui, see -help output for more info). _________________________________________________________________ @@ -717,10 +737,10 @@ make a solid background while using x11vnc. You can turn the pretty background image back on when you are using the display directly. Update: As of Feb/2005 in the libvncserver CVS, x11vnc has the - [85]-solid [color] option that works on recent GNOME, KDE, and CDE and + [92]-solid [color] option that works on recent GNOME, KDE, and CDE and also on classic X (background image is on the root window). - I also find the [86]TightVNC encoding gives the best response for my + I also find the [93]TightVNC encoding gives the best response for my usage (Unix <-> Unix over cable modem). One needs a tightvnc-aware vncviewer to take advantage of this encoding. @@ -732,16 +752,16 @@ make is X11's default listening port). Had port 5900 been taken by some other application, x11vnc would have next tried 5901. That would mean the viewer command above should be changed to vncviewer - far-away.east:1. You can force the port with the "[87]-rfbport NNNN" + far-away.east:1. You can force the port with the "[94]-rfbport NNNN" option where NNNN is the desired port number. If that port is already taken, x11vnc will exit immediately. (also see the "SunRay Gotcha" note below) Options: x11vnc has (far too) many features that may be activated - via its [88]command line options. Useful options are, e.g., -scale to + via its [95]command line options. Useful options are, e.g., -scale to do server-side scaling, and -rfbauth passwd-file to use VNC password protection (the vncpasswd or storepasswd programs, or the x11vnc - [89]-storepasswd option can be used to create the password file). + [96]-storepasswd option can be used to create the password file). Algorithm: How does x11vnc do it? Rather brute-forcedly: it continuously polls the X11 framebuffer for changes using @@ -768,7 +788,7 @@ make first testing out the programs. You get an interesting recursive/feedback effect where vncviewer images keep popping up each one contained in the previous one and slightly shifted a bit by the - window manager decorations. There will be an [90]even more interesting + window manager decorations. There will be an [97]even more interesting effect if -scale is used. Also, if the XKEYBOARD is supported and the XBell "beeps" once, you get an infinite loop of beeps going off. Although all of this is mildly exciting it is not much use: you will @@ -778,12 +798,12 @@ make Sun Ray Notes: - You can run x11vnc on your (connected or disconnected) [91]SunRay - session (Please remember to use settings like [92]-wait 200, [93]-sb + You can run x11vnc on your (connected or disconnected) [98]SunRay + session (Please remember to use settings like [99]-wait 200, [100]-sb 15, and not running a screensaver animation (blank instead) to avoid being a resource hog! x11vnc does induce a lot of memory I/O from polling the X server. It also helps to have a solid background color, - e.g. [94]-solid). + e.g. [101]-solid). You have to know the name of the machine your SunRay session X server is running on (so you can ssh into it and start x11vnc). You also need @@ -807,15 +827,15 @@ make sunray-server:0 (note the :0 corresponding to port 5900, it is not :137). If it cannot get 5900, it tries for 5901, and so on. You can also try to force the port (and thereby the VNC display) using the - [95]-rfbport NNNN option. + [102]-rfbport NNNN option. Especially on a busy Sun Ray server it is often difficult to find free ports for both VNC and the HTTP Java applet server to listen on. This - script, [96]vnc_findports may be of use for doing this automatically. + script, [103]vnc_findports may be of use for doing this automatically. It suggests x11vnc command line options based on netstat output that lists the occupied ports. It is even more difficult to start vncserver/Xvnc on a busy Sun Ray because then 3 ports (HTTP, VNC, and - X11), all separated by 100 are needed! This script, [97]findvncports + X11), all separated by 100 are needed! This script, [104]findvncports may be helpful as well. Both scripts start at VNC display :10 and work their way up. @@ -830,7 +850,7 @@ make dies) the slot is not reclaimed. You can view the shm slots with the "ipcs -mA" command. If there are about 100 then you've probably hit this problem. They can be cleaned out (by the owner or by root) using - the ipcrm command. I wrote a script [98]shm_clear that finds the + the ipcrm command. I wrote a script [105]shm_clear that finds the orphans and lists or removes them. Longer term, have your SunRay sysadmin add something like this to /etc/system: set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax = 0x2000000 @@ -971,7 +991,7 @@ elif [ "$RFB_MODE" = "gone" -a "$RFB_STATE" = "NORMAL" ]; then fi Then we would run x11vnc with these options: "-afteraccept xss_killer - -gone xss_killer". The [99]-afteraccept option (introduced in version + -gone xss_killer". The [106]-afteraccept option (introduced in version 0.8) is used to run a command after a vncviewer has successfully logged in (note that this is a VNC login, not a Unix login, so you may not want to do this if you are really paranoid...) @@ -1019,7 +1039,7 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & than you normally do to minimize the effects (e.g. do fullpage paging rather than line-by-line scrolling, and move windows in a single, quick motion). Recent work has provided the - [100]-scrollcopyrect and [101]-wireframe speedups using the + [107]-scrollcopyrect and [108]-wireframe speedups using the CopyRect VNC encoding and other things, but they only speed up certain activities, not all. * A rate limiting factor for x11vnc performance is that video @@ -1066,14 +1086,14 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & be of use for special purpose applications. Also, a faster and more accurate way is to use the "dummy" XFree86/Xorg device driver (or our Xdummy wrapper script). See - [102]this FAQ for details. + [109]this FAQ for details. * Somewhat surprisingly, the X11 mouse (cursor) shape is write-only and cannot be queried from the X server. So traditionally in x11vnc the cursor shape stays fixed at an arrow. (see the "-cursor - X" and "-cursor some" [103]options, however, for a partial hack + X" and "-cursor some" [110]options, however, for a partial hack for the root window, etc.). However, on Solaris using the SUN_OVL overlay extension, x11vnc can show the correct mouse cursor when - the [104]-overlay option is also supplied. A similar thing is done + the [111]-overlay option is also supplied. A similar thing is done on IRIX as well when -overlay is supplied. More generally, as of Dec/2004 x11vnc supports the new XFIXES extension (in Xorg and Solaris 10) to query the X server for the @@ -1085,16 +1105,16 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & the X server supports the XKEYBOARD extension. (Note that on Solaris XKEYBOARD is disabled by default. Passing +kb to Xsun enables it). - * The scroll detection algorithm for the [105]-scrollcopyrect option + * The scroll detection algorithm for the [112]-scrollcopyrect option can give choppy or bunched up transient output and occasionally painting errors. * Occasionally a patch of tiles will not get updated correctly. Evidently a timing related bug and difficult to reproduce... * Using -threads can expose some bugs in libvncserver. - Please feel free to [106]contact me if you have any questions, + Please feel free to [113]contact me if you have any questions, problems, or comments about x11vnc, etc. - Also, some people ask if they can make a donation, see [107]this link + Also, some people ask if they can make a donation, see [114]this link for that. _________________________________________________________________ @@ -1103,304 +1123,304 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & [Building and Starting] - [108]Q-1: I can't get x11vnc to start up. It says "XOpenDisplay failed + [115]Q-1: I can't get x11vnc to start up. It says "XOpenDisplay failed (null)" or "Xlib: connection to ":0.0" refused by server Xlib: No protocol specified" and then exits. What do I need to do? - [109]Q-2: I can't get x11vnc and/or libvncserver to compile. + [116]Q-2: I can't get x11vnc and/or libvncserver to compile. - [110]Q-3: I just built x11vnc successfully, but when I use it my + [117]Q-3: I just built x11vnc successfully, but when I use it my keystrokes and mouse button clicks are ignored (I am able to move the mouse though). - [111]Q-4: Help, I need to run x11vnc on Solaris 2.5.1 (or other old + [118]Q-4: Help, I need to run x11vnc on Solaris 2.5.1 (or other old Unix/Linux) and it doesn't compile! - [112]Q-5: Where can I get a precompiled x11vnc binary for my Operating + [119]Q-5: Where can I get a precompiled x11vnc binary for my Operating System? - [113]Q-6: Where can I get a VNC Viewer binary (or source code) for the + [120]Q-6: Where can I get a VNC Viewer binary (or source code) for the Operating System I will be viewing from? - [114]Q-7: How can I see all of x11vnc's command line options and + [121]Q-7: How can I see all of x11vnc's command line options and documentation on how to use them? - [115]Q-8: I don't like typing arcane command line options every time I + [122]Q-8: I don't like typing arcane command line options every time I start x11vnc. What can I do? Is there a config file? Or a GUI? - [116]Q-9: How can I get the GUI to run in the System Tray, or at least + [123]Q-9: How can I get the GUI to run in the System Tray, or at least be a smaller, simpler icon? - [117]Q-10: Can I make x11vnc more quiet and also go into the + [124]Q-10: Can I make x11vnc more quiet and also go into the background after starting up? - [118]Q-11: Sometimes when a VNC viewer dies abruptly, x11vnc also dies + [125]Q-11: Sometimes when a VNC viewer dies abruptly, x11vnc also dies with the error message like: "Broken pipe". I'm using the -forever mode and I want x11vnc to keep running. - [119]Q-12: Are there any build-time customizations possible, e.g. + [126]Q-12: Are there any build-time customizations possible, e.g. change defaults, create a smaller binary, etc? [Win2VNC Related] - [120]Q-13: I have two separate machine displays in front of me, one + [127]Q-13: I have two separate machine displays in front of me, one Windows the other X11: can I use x11vnc in combination with Win2VNC in dual-screen mode to pass the keystrokes and mouse motions to the X11 display? - [121]Q-14: I am running Win2VNC on my Windows machine and "x11vnc + [128]Q-14: I am running Win2VNC on my Windows machine and "x11vnc -nofb" on Unix to pass keyboard and mouse to the Unix monitor. Whenever I start Win2VNC it quickly disconnects and x11vnc says: rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: read: Connection reset by peer [Color Issues] - [122]Q-15: The X display I run x11vnc on is only 8 bits per pixel + [129]Q-15: The X display I run x11vnc on is only 8 bits per pixel (bpp) PseudoColor (i.e. only 256 distinct colors). The x11vnc colors may start out OK, but after a while they are incorrect in certain windows. - [123]Q-16: Color problems: Why are the colors for some windows + [130]Q-16: Color problems: Why are the colors for some windows incorrect in x11vnc? BTW, my X display has nice overlay/multi-depth visuals of different color depths: e.g. there are both depth 8 and 24 visuals available at the same time. - [124]Q-17: How do I figure out the window id to supply to the -id + [131]Q-17: How do I figure out the window id to supply to the -id windowid option? - [125]Q-18: Why don't menus or other transient windows come up when I + [132]Q-18: Why don't menus or other transient windows come up when I am using the -id windowid option to view a single application window? - [126]Q-19: My X display is depth 24 at 24bpp (instead of the normal + [133]Q-19: My X display is depth 24 at 24bpp (instead of the normal depth 24 at 32bpp). I'm having lots of color and visual problems with x11vnc and/or vncviewer. What's up? [Xterminals] - [127]Q-20: Can I use x11vnc to view and interact with an Xterminal + [134]Q-20: Can I use x11vnc to view and interact with an Xterminal (e.g. NCD) that is not running UNIX and so x11vnc cannot be run on it directly? - [128]Q-21: How do I get my X permissions (MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file) + [135]Q-21: How do I get my X permissions (MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file) correct for a Unix/Linux machine acting as an Xterminal? [Sun Rays] - [129]Q-22: I'm having trouble using x11vnc with my Sun Ray session. + [136]Q-22: I'm having trouble using x11vnc with my Sun Ray session. [Remote Control] - [130]Q-23: How do I stop x11vnc once it is running in the background? + [137]Q-23: How do I stop x11vnc once it is running in the background? - [131]Q-24: Can I change settings in x11vnc without having to restart + [138]Q-24: Can I change settings in x11vnc without having to restart it? Can I remote control it? [Security and Permissions] - [132]Q-25: How do I create a VNC password for use with x11vnc? + [139]Q-25: How do I create a VNC password for use with x11vnc? - [133]Q-26: Can I make it so -storepasswd doesn't show my password on + [140]Q-26: Can I make it so -storepasswd doesn't show my password on the screen? - [134]Q-27: Can I have two passwords for VNC viewers, one for full + [141]Q-27: Can I have two passwords for VNC viewers, one for full access and the other for view-only access to the display? - [135]Q-28: Can I have as many full-access and view-only passwords as I + [142]Q-28: Can I have as many full-access and view-only passwords as I like? - [136]Q-29: Can I fine tune what types of user input are allowed? E.g. + [143]Q-29: Can I fine tune what types of user input are allowed? E.g. have some users just be able to move the mouse, but not click or type anything? - [137]Q-30: Why does x11vnc exit as soon as the VNC viewer disconnects? + [144]Q-30: Why does x11vnc exit as soon as the VNC viewer disconnects? And why doesn't it allow more than one VNC viewer to connect at the same time? - [138]Q-31: Can I limit which machines incoming VNC clients can connect + [145]Q-31: Can I limit which machines incoming VNC clients can connect from? - [139]Q-32: How do I build x11vnc/libvncserver with libwrap + [146]Q-32: How do I build x11vnc/libvncserver with libwrap (tcp_wrappers) support? - [140]Q-33: Can I have x11vnc only listen on one network interface + [147]Q-33: Can I have x11vnc only listen on one network interface (e.g. internal LAN) rather than having it listen on all network interfaces and relying on -allow to filter unwanted connections out? - [141]Q-34: Now that -localhost implies listening only on the loopback + [148]Q-34: Now that -localhost implies listening only on the loopback interface, how I can occasionally allow in a non-localhost via the -R allowonce remote control command? - [142]Q-35: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted + [149]Q-35: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel between two Unix machines? - [143]Q-36: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted + [150]Q-36: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel from Windows using an SSH client like Putty? - [144]Q-37: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted + [151]Q-37: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSL channel using a tool like stunnel? - [145]Q-38: Can I prompt the user at the local X display whether the + [152]Q-38: Can I prompt the user at the local X display whether the incoming VNC client should be accepted or not? Can I decide to make some clients view-only? How about running an arbitrary program to make the decisions? - [146]Q-39: Does x11vnc support Unix usernames and passwords? Can I + [153]Q-39: Does x11vnc support Unix usernames and passwords? Can I further limit the set of Unix usernames who can connect to the VNC desktop? - [147]Q-40: I start x11vnc as root because it is launched via inetd(1) + [154]Q-40: I start x11vnc as root because it is launched via inetd(1) or a display manager like gdm(1). Can I have x11vnc later switch to a different user? - [148]Q-41: I use a screen-lock when I leave my workstation (e.g. + [155]Q-41: I use a screen-lock when I leave my workstation (e.g. xscreensaver or xlock). When I remotely access my workstation desktop via x11vnc I can unlock the desktop fine, but I am worried people will see my activities on the physical monitor. What can I do to prevent this, or at least make it more difficult? - [149]Q-42: Can I have x11vnc automatically lock the screen when I + [156]Q-42: Can I have x11vnc automatically lock the screen when I disconnect the VNC viewer? [Display Managers and Services] - [150]Q-43: How can I run x11vnc as a "service" that is always + [157]Q-43: How can I run x11vnc as a "service" that is always available? - [151]Q-44: How can I use x11vnc to connect to an X login screen like + [158]Q-44: How can I use x11vnc to connect to an X login screen like xdm, GNOME gdm, KDE kdm, or CDE dtlogin? (i.e. nobody is logged into an X session yet). - [152]Q-45: Can I run x11vnc out of inetd(1)? How about xinetd(1)? + [159]Q-45: Can I run x11vnc out of inetd(1)? How about xinetd(1)? - [153]Q-46: Can I have x11vnc restart itself after it terminates? + [160]Q-46: Can I have x11vnc restart itself after it terminates? - [154]Q-47: How do I make x11vnc work with the Java VNC viewer applet + [161]Q-47: How do I make x11vnc work with the Java VNC viewer applet in a web browser? - [155]Q-48: Are reverse connections (i.e. the VNC server connecting to + [162]Q-48: Are reverse connections (i.e. the VNC server connecting to the VNC viewer) using "vncviewer -listen" and vncconnect(1) supported? - [156]Q-49: Can I use x11vnc as a replacement for Xvnc? (i.e. not for a + [163]Q-49: Can I use x11vnc as a replacement for Xvnc? (i.e. not for a real display, but for a virtual one I keep around). - [157]Q-50: How can I use x11vnc on "headless" machines? Why might I + [164]Q-50: How can I use x11vnc on "headless" machines? Why might I want to? [Resource Usage and Performance] - [158]Q-51: I have lots of memory, but why does x11vnc fail with + [165]Q-51: I have lots of memory, but why does x11vnc fail with shmget: No space left on device or Minor opcode of failed request: 1 (X_ShmAttach)? - [159]Q-52: How can I make x11vnc use less system resources? + [166]Q-52: How can I make x11vnc use less system resources? - [160]Q-53: How can I make x11vnc use MORE system resources? + [167]Q-53: How can I make x11vnc use MORE system resources? - [161]Q-54: I use x11vnc over a slow link with high latency (e.g. + [168]Q-54: I use x11vnc over a slow link with high latency (e.g. dialup modem), is there anything I can do to speed things up? - [162]Q-55: Does x11vnc support the X DAMAGE Xserver extension to find + [169]Q-55: Does x11vnc support the X DAMAGE Xserver extension to find modified regions of the screen quickly and efficiently? - [163]Q-56: When I drag windows around with the mouse or scroll up and + [170]Q-56: When I drag windows around with the mouse or scroll up and down things really bog down (unless I do the drag in a single, quick motion). Is there anything to do to improve things? - [164]Q-57: Why not do something like wireframe animations to avoid the + [171]Q-57: Why not do something like wireframe animations to avoid the windows "lurching" when being moved or resized? - [165]Q-58: Can x11vnc try to apply heuristics to detect when an window + [172]Q-58: Can x11vnc try to apply heuristics to detect when an window is scrolling its contents and use the CopyRect encoding for a speedup? [Mouse Cursor Shapes] - [166]Q-59: Why isn't the mouse cursor shape (the little icon shape + [173]Q-59: Why isn't the mouse cursor shape (the little icon shape where the mouse pointer is) correct as I move from window to window? - [167]Q-60: When using XFIXES cursorshape mode, some of the cursors + [174]Q-60: When using XFIXES cursorshape mode, some of the cursors look really bad with extra black borders around the cursor and other cruft. How can I improve their appearance? - [168]Q-61: In XFIXES mode, are there any hacks to handle cursor + [175]Q-61: In XFIXES mode, are there any hacks to handle cursor transparency ("alpha channel") exactly? [Mouse Pointer] - [169]Q-62: Why does the mouse arrow just stay in one corner in my + [176]Q-62: Why does the mouse arrow just stay in one corner in my vncviewer, whereas my cursor (that does move) is just a dot? - [170]Q-63: Can I take advantage of the TightVNC extension to the VNC + [177]Q-63: Can I take advantage of the TightVNC extension to the VNC protocol where Cursor Positions Updates are sent back to all connected clients (i.e. passive viewers can see the mouse cursor being moved around by another viewer)? - [171]Q-64: Is it possible to swap the mouse buttons (e.g. left-handed + [178]Q-64: Is it possible to swap the mouse buttons (e.g. left-handed operation), or arbitrarily remap them? How about mapping button clicks to keystrokes, e.g. to partially emulate Mouse wheel scrolling? [Keyboard Issues] - [172]Q-65: How can I get my AltGr and Shift modifiers to work between + [179]Q-65: How can I get my AltGr and Shift modifiers to work between keyboards for different languages? - [173]Q-66: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get ">" + [180]Q-66: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get ">" (i.e. greater than)! Strangely, typing ">" works OK!! - [174]Q-67: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get + [181]Q-67: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get "<," (i.e. an extra comma). - [175]Q-68: I'm using an "international" keyboard (e.g. German "de", or + [182]Q-68: I'm using an "international" keyboard (e.g. German "de", or Danish "dk") and the -modtweak mode works well if the VNC viewer is run on a Unix/Linux machine with a similar keyboard. But if I run the VNC viewer on Unix/Linux with a different keyboard (e.g. "us") or Windows with any keyboard, I can't type some keys like: "@", "$", "<", ">", etc. How can I fix this? - [176]Q-69: When typing I sometimes get double, triple, or more of my + [183]Q-69: When typing I sometimes get double, triple, or more of my keystrokes repeated. I'm sure I only typed them once, what can I do? - [177]Q-70: The x11vnc -norepeat mode is in effect, but I still get + [184]Q-70: The x11vnc -norepeat mode is in effect, but I still get repeated keystrokes!! - [178]Q-71: The machine where I run x11vnc has an AltGr key, but the + [185]Q-71: The machine where I run x11vnc has an AltGr key, but the local machine where I run the VNC viewer does not. Is there a way I can map a local unused key to send an AltGr? How about a Compose key as well? - [179]Q-72: I have a Sun machine I run x11vnc on. Its Sun keyboard has + [186]Q-72: I have a Sun machine I run x11vnc on. Its Sun keyboard has just one Alt key labelled "Alt" and two Meta keys labelled with little diamonds. The machine where I run the VNC viewer only has Alt keys. How can I send a Meta keypress? (e.g. emacs needs this) - [180]Q-73: Can I map a keystroke to a mouse button click on the remote + [187]Q-73: Can I map a keystroke to a mouse button click on the remote machine? [Screen Related Issues and Features] - [181]Q-74: The remote display is larger (in number of pixels) than the + [188]Q-74: The remote display is larger (in number of pixels) than the local display I am running the vncviewer on. I don't like the vncviewer scrollbars, what I can do? - [182]Q-75: Does x11vnc support server-side framebuffer scaling? (E.g. + [189]Q-75: Does x11vnc support server-side framebuffer scaling? (E.g. to make the desktop smaller). - [183]Q-76: Does x11vnc work with Xinerama? (i.e. multiple monitors + [190]Q-76: Does x11vnc work with Xinerama? (i.e. multiple monitors joined together to form one big, single screen). - [184]Q-77: Can I use x11vnc on a multi-headed display that is not + [191]Q-77: Can I use x11vnc on a multi-headed display that is not Xinerama (i.e. separate screens :0.0, :0.1, ... for each monitor)? - [185]Q-78: Can x11vnc show only a portion of the display? (E.g. for a + [192]Q-78: Can x11vnc show only a portion of the display? (E.g. for a special purpose rfb application). - [186]Q-79: Does x11vnc support the XRANDR (X Resize, Rotate and + [193]Q-79: Does x11vnc support the XRANDR (X Resize, Rotate and Reflection) extension? Whenever I rotate or resize the screen x11vnc just seems to crash. - [187]Q-80: Why is the view in my VNC viewer completely black? Or why + [194]Q-80: Why is the view in my VNC viewer completely black? Or why is everything flashing around randomly? - [188]Q-81: I use Linux Virtual Consoles (VC's) to implement 'Fast User + [195]Q-81: I use Linux Virtual Consoles (VC's) to implement 'Fast User Switching' between users' sessions (e.g. Betty is on Ctrl-Alt-F7, Bobby is on Ctrl-Alt-F8, and Sid is on Ctrl-Alt-F1: they use those keystrokes to switch between their sessions). How come the view in a @@ -1408,12 +1428,12 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & otherwise all messed up unless the X session x11vnc is attached to is in the active VC? - [189]Q-82: Can I use x11vnc to view my VMWare session remotely? + [196]Q-82: Can I use x11vnc to view my VMWare session remotely? - [190]Q-83: Can non-X devices (e.g. a raw framebuffer) be viewed and/or + [197]Q-83: Can non-X devices (e.g. a raw framebuffer) be viewed and/or controlled by x11vnc? - [191]Q-84: I am using x11vnc where my local machine has "popup/hidden + [198]Q-84: I am using x11vnc where my local machine has "popup/hidden taskbars" (e.g. GNOME or MacOS X) and the remote display where x11vnc runs also has "popup/hidden taskbars" (e.g. GNOME). When I move the mouse to the edge of the screen where the popups happen, the taskbars @@ -1421,15 +1441,15 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & [Misc: Clipboard, File Transfer, Beeps, Thanks, etc.] - [192]Q-85: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the + [199]Q-85: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the vncviewer and the X display? - [193]Q-86: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? + [200]Q-86: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? - [194]Q-87: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when + [201]Q-87: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when typing tput bel in an xterm)? - [195]Q-88: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a + [202]Q-88: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a donation? _________________________________________________________________ @@ -1442,7 +1462,7 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & For the former error, you need to specify the X display to connect to (it also needs to be on the same machine the x11vnc process is to run - on). Set your DISPLAY environment variable or use the [196]-display + on). Set your DISPLAY environment variable or use the [203]-display option to specify it. Nearly always the correct value will be ":0" @@ -1459,7 +1479,7 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & How to Solve: See the xauth(1), Xsecurity(7), and xhost(1) man pages for much info on X11 permissions. For example, you may need to set - your XAUTHORITY environment variable or use the [197]-auth option to + your XAUTHORITY environment variable or use the [204]-auth option to point to the correct MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file (e.g. /home/joe/.Xauthority or /var/gdm/:0.Xauth or /var/lib/kdm/A:0-crWk72K), or simply be sure you run x11vnc as the correct user (i.e. the user who is logged into @@ -1477,7 +1497,7 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & x11vnc -display :0 -auth /var/gdm/:0.Xauth (this is for the display manager gdm and requires root permission to - read the gdm cookie file, see [198]this faq for other display manager + read the gdm cookie file, see [205]this faq for other display manager cookie file names). While running x11vnc as root, remember it comes with no warranty ;-). @@ -1487,7 +1507,7 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & (from the same machine). The person could then type "xhost -localhost" after x11vnc has connected to go back to the default permissions. Also, for some situations the "-users lurk=" option may be of use - (please read the documentation on the [199]-users option). + (please read the documentation on the [206]-users option). To test out your X11 permissions from a remote shell, set DISPLAY and possibly XAUTHORITY (see your shell's man page, bash(1), tcsh(1), on @@ -1541,7 +1561,7 @@ env DISPLAY=`echo $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^.*:/unix:/'` xscreensaver & make glibc-devel libjpeg-devel - XFree86-devel + XFree86-devel or xorg-x11-devel zlib-devel @@ -1599,7 +1619,7 @@ h earlier and perhaps non-Solaris): First use the environment settings (CPPFLAGS, LDFLAGS, etc.) in the - above [200]Solaris build script to run the configure command. That + above [207]Solaris build script to run the configure command. That should succeed without failure. Then you have to hand edit the autogenerated rfb/rfbconfig.h file in the source tree, and just before the last #endif at the bottom of that file insert these workaround @@ -1625,7 +1645,7 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; on other older OS (Solaris, Linux, ...) releases. Here are some notes for similar steps that need to be done to build on - [201]SunOS 4.x + [208]SunOS 4.x Please let us know if you had to use the above workaround (and whether it worked or not). If there is enough demand we will try to push clean @@ -1635,25 +1655,25 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; Q-5: Where can I get a precompiled x11vnc binary for my Operating System? - Hopefully the [202]build steps above and [203]FAQ provide enough info + Hopefully the [209]build steps above and [210]FAQ provide enough info for a painless compile for most environments. Please report problems with the x11vnc configure, make, etc. on your system (if your system is known to compile other GNU packages successfully). There are precompiled x11vnc binaries built by other groups that are available at the following locations: - Debian: (.deb) [204]http://packages.debian.org/x11vnc + Debian: (.deb) [211]http://packages.debian.org/x11vnc - Slackware: (.tgz) [205]http://www.linuxpackages.net/ Redhat/Fedora: - (.rpm) [206]http://dag.wieers.com/packages/x11vnc/ - [207]http://dries.ulyssis.org/rpm/packages/x11vnc SuSE: (.rpm) - [208]http://linux01.gwdg.de/~pbleser/ Solaris: (pkg) - [209]http://www.sunfreeware.com/ Nokia 770 (.deb) - [210]http://mike.saunby.net/770/x11vnc/ Sharp Zaurus - [211]http://www.pdaxrom.org/ and [212]http://www.focv.com/ + Slackware: (.tgz) [212]http://www.linuxpackages.net/ Redhat/Fedora: + (.rpm) [213]http://dag.wieers.com/packages/x11vnc/ + [214]http://dries.ulyssis.org/rpm/packages/x11vnc SuSE: (.rpm) + [215]http://linux01.gwdg.de/~pbleser/ Solaris: (pkg) + [216]http://www.sunfreeware.com/ Nokia 770 (.deb) + [217]http://mike.saunby.net/770/x11vnc/ Sharp Zaurus + [218]http://www.pdaxrom.org/ and [219]http://www.focv.com/ If the above binaries don't work and building x11vnc on your OS fails - (and all else fails!) you can try one of [213]my collection of + (and all else fails!) you can try one of [220]my collection of binaries for various OS's and x11vnc releases. As a general note, the x11vnc program is simple enough you don't @@ -1674,9 +1694,9 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; To obtain VNC viewers for the viewing side (Windows, Mac OS, or Unix) try here: - * [214]http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html - * [215]http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html - * [216]http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ + * [221]http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html + * [222]http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html + * [223]http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ Q-7: How can I see all of x11vnc's command line options and @@ -1684,7 +1704,7 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; Run: x11vnc -opts to list just the option names or run: x11vnc -help for long descriptions about each option. The output is listed - [217]here as well. + [224]here as well. Q-8: I don't like typing arcane command line options every time I @@ -1715,10 +1735,10 @@ display :0 The /usr/bin/wish program is needed for operation. The gui is not particularly user-friendly, it just provides a point and click mode to set all the many x11vnc parameters and obtain help on them. See the - [218]-gui option for more info. Examples: "x11vnc ... -gui" and + [225]-gui option for more info. Examples: "x11vnc ... -gui" and "x11vnc ... -gui other:0" in the latter case the gui is displayed on other:0, not the X display x11vnc is polling. There is also a - "[219]-gui tray" system tray mode. + "[226]-gui tray" system tray mode. Q-9: How can I get the GUI to run in the System Tray, or at least be a @@ -1745,11 +1765,11 @@ display :0 Q-10: Can I make x11vnc more quiet and also go into the background after starting up? - Use the [220]-q and [221]-bg options, respectively. (also: -quiet is + Use the [227]-q and [228]-bg options, respectively. (also: -quiet is an alias for -q) Note that under -bg the stderr messages will be lost unless you use - the "[222]-o logfile" option. + the "[229]-o logfile" option. Q-11: Sometimes when a VNC viewer dies abruptly, x11vnc also dies with @@ -1770,7 +1790,7 @@ display :0 There are some options. They are enabled by adding something like -Dxxxx=1 to the CPPFLAGS environment variable before running configure - (see the [223]build notes for general background). + (see the [230]build notes for general background). /* * Mar/2006 * Build-time customization via CPPFLAGS. @@ -1841,21 +1861,21 @@ display :0 dual-screen mode to pass the keystrokes and mouse motions to the X11 display? - Yes, for best response start up x11vnc with the "[224]-nofb" option + Yes, for best response start up x11vnc with the "[231]-nofb" option (disables framebuffer polling, and does other optimizations) on the secondary display (X11) machine. Then start up Win2VNC on the primary display (Windows) referring it to the secondary display. - This will also work X11 to X11 using [225]x2vnc, however you would + This will also work X11 to X11 using [232]x2vnc, however you would probably just want to avoid VNC and use x2x for that. For reference, here are some links to Win2VNC-like programs for multiple monitor setups: - * [226]Original Win2VNC - * [227]Enhanced Win2VNC and [228]sourceforge link - * [229]x2vnc - * [230]x2x also [231]here - * [232]zvnc (MorphOS) + * [233]Original Win2VNC + * [234]Enhanced Win2VNC and [235]sourceforge link + * [236]x2vnc + * [237]x2x also [238]here + * [239]zvnc (MorphOS) All of them will work with x11vnc (except x2x where it is not needed). @@ -1875,7 +1895,7 @@ display :0 on your display to be depth 24 TrueColor? Sun machines often have 8+24 overlay/multi-depth visuals, and you can make the default visual depth 24 TrueColor (see fbconfig(1) and Xsun(1)). 2) As of Feb/2004, in the - libvncserver CVS, x11vnc has the [233]-visual option to allow you to + libvncserver CVS, x11vnc has the [240]-visual option to allow you to force the framebuffer visual to whatever you want (this usually messes up the colors unless you are very clever). In this case, the option provides a convenient workaround for the Win2VNC bug: @@ -1890,7 +1910,7 @@ display :0 PseudoColor (i.e. only 256 distinct colors). The x11vnc colors may start out OK, but after a while they are incorrect in certain windows. - Use the [234]-flashcmap option to have x11vnc watch for changes in the + Use the [241]-flashcmap option to have x11vnc watch for changes in the colormap, and propagate those changes back to connected clients. This can be slow (since the whole screen must be updated over the network whenever the colormap changes). This flashing colormap behavior often @@ -1899,13 +1919,13 @@ display :0 example of this. Consider reconfiguring the system to 16 bpp or depth 24 TrueColor if at all possible. - Also note the option [235]-8to24 (Jan/2006) can often remove the need + Also note the option [242]-8to24 (Jan/2006) can often remove the need for flashing the colormap. Everything is dynamically transformed to depth 24 at 32 bpp using the colormaps. There may be painting errors however (see the following FAQ for tips on reducing and correcting them). - In some rare cases the [236]-notruecolor option has corrected colors + In some rare cases the [243]-notruecolor option has corrected colors on 8bpp displays. The red, green, and blue masks were non-zero in 8bpp PseudoColor on an obscure setup, and this option corrected the problems. @@ -1916,13 +1936,13 @@ display :0 different color depths: e.g. there are both depth 8 and 24 visuals available at the same time. - You may want to review the [237]previous question regarding 8 bpp + You may want to review the [244]previous question regarding 8 bpp PseudoColor. - On some hardware (Sun/SPARC and SGI), the [238]-overlay option + On some hardware (Sun/SPARC and SGI), the [245]-overlay option discussed a couple paragraphs down may solve this for you (you may want to skip to it directly). On other hardware the less robust - [239]-8to24 option may help (also discussed below). + [246]-8to24 option may help (also discussed below). Run xdpyinfo(1) to see what the default visual is and what the depths of the other visuals are. Does the default visual have a depth of 8 @@ -1958,7 +1978,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 The -overlay mode: Another option is if the system with overlay visuals is a Sun system running Solaris or SGI running IRIX you can - use the [240]-overlay x11vnc option (Aug/2004) to have x11vnc use the + use the [247]-overlay x11vnc option (Aug/2004) to have x11vnc use the Solaris XReadScreen(3X11) function to poll the "true view" of the whole screen at depth 24 TrueColor. XReadDisplay(3X11) is used on IRIX. This is useful for Legacy applications (older versions of @@ -1983,7 +2003,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 Xsun, e.g. in your /etc/dt/config/Xservers file). - The -8to24 mode: The [241]-8to24 x11vnc option (Jan/2006) is a kludge + The -8to24 mode: The [248]-8to24 x11vnc option (Jan/2006) is a kludge to try to dynamically rewrite the pixel values so that the 8bpp part of the screen is mapped onto depth 24 TrueColor. This is less robust than the -overlay mode because it is done by x11vnc outside of the X @@ -1997,11 +2017,11 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 32bpp view is exported via VNC. Even on pure 8bpp displays it can be used as an alternative to - [242]-flashcmap to avoid color flashing completely. + [249]-flashcmap to avoid color flashing completely. This scheme is approximate and can often lead to painting errors. You can manually correct most painting errors by pressing 3 Alt_L's in a - row, or by using something like: [243]-fixscreen V=3.0 to + row, or by using something like: [250]-fixscreen V=3.0 to automatically refresh the screen every 3 seconds. Also -fixscreen 8=3.0 has been added to just refresh the non-default visual parts of the screen. @@ -2014,23 +2034,23 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 nogetimage can give a nice speedup if the default depth 24 X server supports hiding the 8bpp bits in bits 25-32 of the framebuffer data. On very slow machines -8to24 poll=0.2,cachewin=5.0 gives an useful - speedup. See the [244]-8to24 help description for information on + speedup. See the [251]-8to24 help description for information on tunable parameters, etc. Colors still not working correctly? Run xwininfo on the application with the incorrect colors to verify that the depth of its visual is different from the default visual depth (gotten from xdpyinfo). One - possible workaround in this case is to use the [245]-id option to + possible workaround in this case is to use the [252]-id option to point x11vnc at the application window itself. If the application is complicated (lots of toplevel windows and popup menus) this may not be acceptable, and may even crash x11vnc (but not the application). It is theoretically possible to solve this problem in general (see xwd(1) for example), but it does not seem trivial or sufficiently fast - for x11vnc to be able to do so in real time. The [246]-8to24 method + for x11vnc to be able to do so in real time. The [253]-8to24 method does this approximately and is somewhat usable. Fortunately the - [247]-overlay option works for Solaris machines with overlay visuals + [254]-overlay option works for Solaris machines with overlay visuals where most of this problem occurs. @@ -2041,9 +2061,9 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 the desired application window. After clicking, it will print out much information, including the window id (e.g. 0x6000010). Also, the visual and depth of the window printed out is often useful in - debugging x11vnc [248]color problems. + debugging x11vnc [255]color problems. - Also, as of Dec/2004 libvncserver CVS you can use "[249]-id pick" to + Also, as of Dec/2004 libvncserver CVS you can use "[256]-id pick" to have x11vnc run xwininfo(1) for you and after you click the window it extracts the windowid. Besides "pick" there is also "id:root" to allow you to go back to root window when doing remote-control. @@ -2061,7 +2081,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 you should be able to see these transient windows. If things are not working and you still want to do the single window - polling, try the [250]-sid windowid option ("shifted" windowid). + polling, try the [257]-sid windowid option ("shifted" windowid). Q-19: My X display is depth 24 at 24bpp (instead of the normal depth @@ -2111,15 +2131,15 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 since you will be polling the X display over the network as opposed to over the local hardware. To do this, run x11vnc on a UNIX machine as close as possible network-wise (e.g. same switch) to the Xterminal - machine. Use the [251]-display option to point the display to that of + machine. Use the [258]-display option to point the display to that of the Xterminal (you'll of course need basic X11 permission to do that) - and also supply the [252]-noshm option (this enables the polling over + and also supply the [259]-noshm option (this enables the polling over the network). The response will likely be sluggish (maybe only one "frame" per second). This mode is not recommended except for "quick checks" of hard to get to X servers. Use something like "-wait 150" to cut down - on the polling rate. You may also need [253]-flipbyteorder if the + on the polling rate. You may also need [260]-flipbyteorder if the colors get messed up due to endian byte order differences. Q-21: How do I get my X permissions (MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file) correct @@ -2143,7 +2163,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 copied to the Xterminal. If $HOME/.Xauthority is exported via NFS (this is insecure of course, but has been going on for decades), then x11vnc can simply pick it up via NFS (you may need to use the - [254]-auth option to point to the correct file). Other options include + [261]-auth option to point to the correct file). Other options include copying the auth file using scp, or something like: central-server> xauth nextract - xterm123:0 | ssh xterm123 xauth nmerge - @@ -2155,7 +2175,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 details. If the display name in the cookie file needs to be changed between the - two hosts, see [255]this note on the "xauth add ..." command. + two hosts, see [262]this note on the "xauth add ..." command. A less secure option is to run something like "xhost +127.0.0.1" while sitting at the Xterminal box to allow cookie-free local access for @@ -2169,7 +2189,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 occasional app more efficiently locally on the Xterminal box (e.g. realplayer). - Not recommended, but as a last resort, you could have x11vnc [256]poll + Not recommended, but as a last resort, you could have x11vnc [263]poll the Xterminal Display over the network. For this you would run a "x11vnc -noshm ..." process on the central-server (and hope the network admin doesn't get angry...) @@ -2198,13 +2218,13 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 Q-22: I'm having trouble using x11vnc with my Sun Ray session. - The [257]Sun Ray technology is a bit like "VNC done in hardware" (the + The [264]Sun Ray technology is a bit like "VNC done in hardware" (the Sun Ray terminal device, DTU, playing the role of the vncviewer). Completely independent of that, the SunRay user's session is still an X server that speaks the X11 protocol and so x11vnc simply talks to the X server part to export the SunRay desktop to any place in the world (i.e. not only to a Sun Ray terminal device), creating a sort of - "Soft Ray". Please see [258]this discussion of Sun Ray issues above + "Soft Ray". Please see [265]this discussion of Sun Ray issues above for solutions to problems. [Remote Control] @@ -2213,17 +2233,17 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 As of Dec/2004 in the libvncserver CVS there is a remote control feature. It can change a huge amount of things on the fly: see the - [259]-remote and [260]-query options. To shut down the running x11vnc + [266]-remote and [267]-query options. To shut down the running x11vnc server just type "x11vnc -R stop". To disconnect all clients do "x11vnc -R disconnect:all", etc. - If the [261]-forever option has not been supplied, x11vnc will + If the [268]-forever option has not been supplied, x11vnc will automatically exit after the first client disconnects. In general you will have to kill the x11vnc process This can be done via: "kill NNNNN" (where NNNNN is the x11vnc process id number found from ps(1)), or "pkill x11vnc", or "killall x11vnc" (Linux only). - If you have not put x11vnc in the background via the [262]-bg option + If you have not put x11vnc in the background via the [269]-bg option or shell & operator, then simply press Ctrl-C in the shell where x11vnc is running to stop it. @@ -2233,15 +2253,15 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 down state in the Xserver. Tapping the stuck key (either via a new x11vnc or at the physical console) will release it from the stuck state. If the keyboard seems to be acting strangely it is often fixed - by tapping Ctrl, Shift, and Alt. Alternatively, the [263]-clear_mods - option and [264]-clear_keys option can be used to release pressed keys + by tapping Ctrl, Shift, and Alt. Alternatively, the [270]-clear_mods + option and [271]-clear_keys option can be used to release pressed keys at startup and exit. Q-24: Can I change settings in x11vnc without having to restart it? Can I remote control it? - Look at the [265]-remote (same as -R) and [266]-query (same as -Q) + Look at the [272]-remote (same as -R) and [273]-query (same as -Q) options added in the Dec/2004 libvncserver CVS. They allow nearly everything to be changed dynamically and settings to be queried. Examples: "x11vnc -R shared", "x11vnc -R forever", "x11vnc -R @@ -2253,7 +2273,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 to be possible. There is also a simple Tcl/Tk gui based on this remote control - mechanism. See the [267]-gui option for more info. You will need to + mechanism. See the [274]-gui option for more info. You will need to have Tcl/Tk (i.e. /usr/bin/wish) installed for it to work. It can also run in the system tray: "-gui tray" or as a standalone icon window: "-gui icon". @@ -2268,12 +2288,12 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 vncpasswd(1) program from those packages. The libvncserver package also comes with a simple program: storepasswd in the examples directory. And as of Jun/2004 in the libvncserver CVS x11vnc supports - the -storepasswd "pass" "file" [268]option, which is the the same + the -storepasswd "pass" "file" [275]option, which is the the same functionality of storepasswd. Be sure to quote the "pass" if it contains shell meta characters, spaces, etc. Example: x11vnc -storepasswd 'sword*fish' $HOME/myvncpasswd - You then use the password via the x11vnc option: [269]-rfbauth + You then use the password via the x11vnc option: [276]-rfbauth $HOME/myvncpasswd Compared to vncpasswd(1) the latter two methods are a somewhat unsafe @@ -2282,7 +2302,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 out for the command winding up in your shell's history file (history -c is often a way to clear it). - x11vnc also has the [270]-passwdfile and -passwd/-viewpasswd plain + x11vnc also has the [277]-passwdfile and -passwd/-viewpasswd plain text (i.e. not obscured like the -rfbauth VNC passwords) password options. @@ -2293,7 +2313,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 You can use the vncpasswd program from RealVNC or TightVNC mentioned above.. - Alternatively, this script should keep your [271]-storepasswd more + Alternatively, this script should keep your [278]-storepasswd more private: #!/bin/sh # usage: x11vnc_pw [file] (default: ~/.vnc/passwd) @@ -2328,13 +2348,13 @@ ls -l "$file" and the other for view-only access to the display? Yes, as of May/2004 in the libvncserver CVS there is the - [272]-viewpasswd option to supply the view-only password. Note the - full-access password option [273]-passwd must be supplied at the same + [279]-viewpasswd option to supply the view-only password. Note the + full-access password option [280]-passwd must be supplied at the same time. E.g.: -passwd sword -viewpasswd fish. To avoid specifying the passwords on the command line (where they could be observed via the ps(1) command by any user) you can use the - [274]-passwdfile option to specify a file containing plain text + [281]-passwdfile option to specify a file containing plain text passwords. Presumably this file is readable only by you, and ideally it is located on the machine x11vnc is run on (to avoid being snooped on over the network). The first line of this file is the full-access @@ -2342,7 +2362,7 @@ ls -l "$file" it is taken as the view-only password. (use "__EMPTY__" to supply an empty one). - View-only passwords currently do not work for the [275]-rfbauth + View-only passwords currently do not work for the [282]-rfbauth password option (standard VNC password storing mechanism). FWIW, note that although the output (usually placed in $HOME/.vnc/passwd) by the vncpasswd or storepasswd programs (or from x11vnc -storepasswd) looks @@ -2355,7 +2375,7 @@ ls -l "$file" Q-28: Can I have as many full-access and view-only passwords as I like? - Yes, as of Jan/2006 in the libvncserver CVS the [276]-passwdfile + Yes, as of Jan/2006 in the libvncserver CVS the [283]-passwdfile option has been extended to handle as many passwords as you like. You put the view-only passwords after a line __BEGIN_VIEWONLY__. @@ -2367,7 +2387,7 @@ ls -l "$file" some users just be able to move the mouse, but not click or type anything? - As of Feb/2005, the [277]-input option allows you to do this. "K", + As of Feb/2005, the [284]-input option allows you to do this. "K", "M", and "B" stand for Keystroke, Mouse-motion, and Button-clicks, respectively. The setting: "-input M" makes attached viewers only able to move the mouse. "-input KMB,M" lets normal clients do everything @@ -2383,15 +2403,15 @@ ls -l "$file" These defaults are simple safety measures to avoid someone unknowingly leaving his X11 desktop exposed (to the internet, say) for long - periods of time. Use the [278]-forever option (aka -many) to have + periods of time. Use the [285]-forever option (aka -many) to have x11vnc wait for more connections after the first client disconnects. - Use the [279]-shared option to have x11vnc allow multiple clients to + Use the [286]-shared option to have x11vnc allow multiple clients to connect simultaneously. - Recommended additional safety measures include using ssh ([280]see + Recommended additional safety measures include using ssh ([287]see above), stunnel, or a VPN to authenticate and encrypt the viewer - connections or to at least use the -rfbauth passwd-file [281]option to - use VNC password protection (or [282]-passwdfile) It is up to YOU to + connections or to at least use the -rfbauth passwd-file [288]option to + use VNC password protection (or [289]-passwdfile) It is up to YOU to apply these security measures, they will not be done for you automatically. @@ -2399,7 +2419,7 @@ ls -l "$file" Q-31: Can I limit which machines incoming VNC clients can connect from? - Yes, look at the [283]-allow and [284]-localhost options to limit + Yes, look at the [290]-allow and [291]-localhost options to limit connections by hostname or IP address. E.g. x11vnc -allow 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2 @@ -2411,7 +2431,7 @@ ls -l "$file" Note that -localhost is the same as "-allow 127.0.0.1" For more control, build libvncserver with libwrap support - [285](tcp_wrappers) and then use /etc/hosts.allow See hosts_access(5) + [292](tcp_wrappers) and then use /etc/hosts.allow See hosts_access(5) for complete details. @@ -2431,7 +2451,7 @@ ls -l "$file" is "vnc", e.g.: vnc: 192.168.100.3 .example.com - Note that if you run x11vnc out of [286]inetd you do not need to build + Note that if you run x11vnc out of [293]inetd you do not need to build x11vnc with libwrap support because the /usr/sbin/tcpd reference in /etc/inetd.conf handles the tcp_wrappers stuff. @@ -2440,16 +2460,16 @@ ls -l "$file" internal LAN) rather than having it listen on all network interfaces and relying on -allow to filter unwanted connections out? - As of Mar/2005 in the libvncserver CVS, there is the "[287]-listen + As of Mar/2005 in the libvncserver CVS, there is the "[294]-listen ipaddr" option that enables this. For ipaddr either supply the desired network interface's IP address (or use a hostname that resolves to it) or use the string "localhost". For additional filtering simultaneously - use the "[288]-allow host1,..." option to allow only specific hosts + use the "[295]-allow host1,..." option to allow only specific hosts in. This option is useful if you want to insure that no one can even begin a dialog with x11vnc from untrusted network interfaces (e.g. ppp0). - The option [289]-localhost now implies "-listen localhost" since that + The option [296]-localhost now implies "-listen localhost" since that is what most people expect it to do. @@ -2457,24 +2477,24 @@ ls -l "$file" interface, how I can occasionally allow in a non-localhost via the -R allowonce remote control command? - To do this specify "[290]-allow localhost". Unlike [291]-localhost + To do this specify "[297]-allow localhost". Unlike [298]-localhost this will leave x11vnc listening on all interfaces (but of course only allowing in local connections, e.g. ssh redirs). Then you can later run "x11vnc -R allowonce:somehost" or use to gui to permit a one-shot connection from a remote host. Note that if you do a lot of changing of the listening interface - ([292]-listen option) via remote control or gui, you may need to also - manually adjust the [293]-allow list if you unexpectedly get into a + ([299]-listen option) via remote control or gui, you may need to also + manually adjust the [300]-allow list if you unexpectedly get into a state where the allow list cannot match any hosts that would be coming - in on the listening interface. If you just toggle [294]-localhost on + in on the listening interface. If you just toggle [301]-localhost on and off x11vnc should see to it that you never get into such a state. Q-35: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel between two Unix machines? - See the description earlier on this page on [295]how to tunnel VNC via + See the description earlier on this page on [302]how to tunnel VNC via SSH from Unix to Unix. A number of ways are described along with some issues you may encounter. @@ -2485,7 +2505,7 @@ ls -l "$file" Q-36: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel from Windows using an SSH client like Putty? - [296]Above we described how to tunnel VNC via SSH from Unix to Unix, + [303]Above we described how to tunnel VNC via SSH from Unix to Unix, you may want to review it. To do this from Windows using Putty it would go something like this: * In the Putty dialog window under 'Session' enter the hostname or @@ -2508,8 +2528,8 @@ ls -l "$file" process in a BAT file including launching the VNC viewer by using the plink Putty utility. Send us the script if you get that working. - For extra protection feel free to run x11vnc with the [297]-localhost - and [298]-rfbauth/[299]-passwdfile options. + For extra protection feel free to run x11vnc with the [304]-localhost + and [305]-rfbauth/[306]-passwdfile options. If the machine you SSH into via Putty is not the same machine with the X display you wish to view (e.g. your company provides incoming SSH @@ -2517,11 +2537,11 @@ ls -l "$file" dialog setting to: 'Destination: otherhost:5900', Once logged in, you'll need to do a second login (ssh or rsh) to the workstation machine 'otherhost' and then start up x11vnc on it. This can also be - automated by [300]chaining ssh's. + automated by [307]chaining ssh's. - As discussed [301]above another option is to first start the VNC + As discussed [308]above another option is to first start the VNC viewer in "listen" mode, and then launch x11vnc with the - "[302]-connect localhost" option to establish the reverse connection. + "[309]-connect localhost" option to establish the reverse connection. In this case a Remote port redirection (not Local) is needed for port 5500 instead of 5900 (i.e. 'Source port: 5500' and 'Destination: localhost:5500' for a Remote connection). @@ -2531,21 +2551,26 @@ ls -l "$file" channel using a tool like stunnel? It is possible to use a "lighter weight" encryption setup than SSH or - IPSEC. SSL tunnels such as [303]stunnel provide an encrypted channel - without the need for users, passwords, and key passphrases required - for ssh. OTOH, since ssh is usually installed everywhere and firewalls - often let its port through, ssh is often the path of least resistance. - - Here are some basic examples using [304]stunnel but the general idea + IPSEC. SSL tunnels such as [310]stunnel provide an encrypted channel + without the need for Unix users, passwords, and key passphrases + required for ssh. OTOH, since ssh is usually installed everywhere and + firewalls often let its port through, ssh is often the path of least + resistance (it also nicely manages public keys for you). + + Update: As of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the options [311]-ssl, + [312]-stunnel, and [313]-sslverify to provide integrated SSL schemes. + They are discussed [314]below. First we show some non-integrated + methods for background. + + Here are some basic examples using [315]stunnel but the general idea is the same: * Start up x11vnc and constrain it to listen on localhost. * Then start up the SSL tunnel running on the same machine to forward incoming connections to that x11vnc. - - (in fact, as of Feb/2006 the [305]-stunnel option does these two steps - [306]automatically). Then on the VNC viewer side: * Set up and run a similar SSL tunnel for the outgoing connection pointing to the SSL/x11vnc server. + * Optionally, set up server (or client) public/private keys for use + in authenticating one side to the other. * Finally, start the VNC Viewer and tell it to connect to the local port (e.g. a vnc display localhost:0). @@ -2557,7 +2582,8 @@ ls -l "$file" stunnel -d 5901 -r 5900 -p /path/to/stunnel.pem These are run on host "far-away.east". The stunnel.pem is the - self-signed PEM file certificate created when stunnel is built. + self-signed PEM file certificate created when stunnel is built. One + can also use certificates signed by CA's if desired. Next, on the VNC viewer side we need an SSL tunnel to encrypt the outgoing connection. The nice thing is any SSL tunnel can be used @@ -2580,11 +2606,12 @@ ls -l "$file" stunnel has also been ported to Windows, and there are likely others to choose from for that OS. Much info for using it on Windows can be - found at the stunnel site and in this [307]article The article also - shows the many steps to set up all the authentication certificates. - The default Windows client setup (no certs) is simpler and only 4 - files are needed in a folder: stunnel.exe, stunnel.conf, libssl32.dll, - libeay32.dll. We used an stunnel.conf containing: + found at the stunnel site and in this [316]article The article also + shows the detailed steps to set up all the authentication + certificates. (for both server and clients). The default Windows + client setup (no certs) is simpler and only 4 files are needed in a + folder: stunnel.exe, stunnel.conf, libssl32.dll, libeay32.dll. We used + an stunnel.conf containing: # stunnel.conf: client = yes options = ALL @@ -2595,42 +2622,10 @@ connect = far-away.east:5901 then double click on the stunnel.exe icon to launch it (followed by pointing the VNC viewer to localhost:2). - - - As of Feb/2006 the x11vnc [308]-stunnel option automates the SSL - tunnel creation on the x11vnc server side: - x11vnc -display :0 -stunnel /path/to/stunnel.pem -passwdfile ~/mypass - - You'll get output like this: - The VNC desktop is localhost:50 - The SSL VNC desktop is far-away.east:0 - PORT=5950 - SSLPORT=5900 - - That indicates stunnel is listening on port 5900 for incoming - SSL-wrapped VNC connections. x11vnc is listening for local connections - on port 5950 in this case. For -stunnel to work stunnel must be - installed on the machine and available in PATH (note stunnel is often - installed in sbin directories rather than bin). - - One can test to some degree that SSL is working after starting x11vnc - with the -stunnel option. From another machine one can use the openssl - command something like this: - openssl s_client -debug -msg -showcerts -connect far-away.east:5900 - - After all of the debugging output and informational messages you'll - see the string "RFB 003.007" that came from x11vnc. Or you can even - just use a web browser connecting to: https://far-away.east:5900/ and - then view the SSL information about the connection in the panels. (Of - course these tests will also work if you started stunnel manually). - - (end of the -stunnel option description). - - If you don't like the little "gap" of unencrypted TCP traffic (and a local listening socket) on the local machine between stunnel and x11vnc it can actually be closed by having stunnel start up x11vnc in - [309]-inetd mode: + [317]-inetd mode: stunnel -p /path/to/stunnel.pem -P none -d 5900 -l ./x11vnc_sh Where the script x11vnc_sh starts up x11vnc: @@ -2660,19 +2655,211 @@ connect = 5900 private key afterall), so you'll need to relax the permissions or make a copy that the user running x11vnc/stunnel can read. + + SSL VNC Viewers: + Regarding VNC viewers that "natively" do SSL unfortunately there do not seem to be many. UltraVNC has SSL/encryption plugin, but we have - not tried it. Commercial versions of VNC seem to have some SSL built - in, but we haven't tried those either and they probably wouldn't work - since the SSL negotiation is likely embedded in the VNC protocol - unlike our case where it is external. So current SSL VNC solutions are - not particularly "seemless". But it can be done, and with a wrapper - script on the viewer side and the [310]-stunnel option on the server - side it works well and is convenient. Here is a simple script - [311]ssl_vncviewer that automates running stunnel on the VNC viewer - side on Unix a little more carefully than the two-lines printed above. - One could probably do a similar thing with a .BAT file on Windows in - the stunnel folder. + not tried it (it does not seem to be SSL). Commercial versions of VNC + seem to have some SSL built in, but we haven't tried those either and + they probably wouldn't work since the SSL negotiation is likely + embedded in the VNC protocol unlike our case where it is external. + + So current SSL VNC solutions are not particularly "seemless". But it + can be done, and with a wrapper script on the viewer side and the + [318]-stunnel option on the server side it works well and is + convenient. Here is a simple script [319]ssl_vncviewer that automates + running stunnel on the VNC viewer side on Unix a little more carefully + than the two-lines printed above. One could probably do a similar + thing with a .BAT file on Windows in the stunnel folder. + + Note: as of Mar/2006 libvncserver/x11vnc provides a SSL-enabled Java + applet that can be served up via the [320]-httpdir or [321]-http + options when [322]-ssl is enabled. It will also be served via HTTPS + via either the VNC port (e.g. https://host:5900/) or a 2nd port via + the [323]-https option. + + + Built-in SSL x11vnc options: + + As of Feb/2006 the x11vnc [324]-ssl and [325]-stunnel options automate + the SSL tunnel creation on the x11vnc server side. An SSL enabled Java + VNC Viewer applet is also provided that can be served via http or + https to automate SSL on the client side. + + The [326]-ssl mode uses the [327]www.openssl.org library if available + at build time. The [328]-stunnel requires the [329]www.stunnel.org + command stunnel(8) to be installed on the system. + + An -ssl example: + x11vnc -display :0 -ssl -passwdfile ~/mypass + + You'll get output like this: + The SSL VNC desktop is: far-away.east:0 + PORT=5900 + SSLPORT=5900 + + The PEM file does not be supplied if the openssl(1) command is + available in PATH to create a self-signed, temporary certificate good + only for the single x11vnc session (this may take a while on slow + machines). + + Otherwise you will have to create a certificate menually via openssl + or the Java keytool utilities (or some other source). Then supply the + PEM file on the ccommand line "-ssl /path/to/cert.pem". + + An -stunnel example: + x11vnc -display :0 -stunnel /path/to/stunnel.pem -passwdfile ~/mypass + + You'll get output like this: + The VNC desktop is: localhost:50 + The SSL VNC desktop is: far-away.east:0 + PORT=5950 + SSLPORT=5900 + + That indicates stunnel is listening on port 5900 for incoming + SSL-wrapped VNC connections. x11vnc is listening for local connections + on port 5950 in this case. For -stunnel to work stunnel must be + installed on the machine and available in PATH (note stunnel is often + installed in sbin directories rather than bin). + + One can test to some degree that SSL is working after starting x11vnc + with the -stunnel or -ssl option. From another machine one can use the + openssl command something like this: + openssl s_client -debug -msg -showcerts -connect far-away.east:5900 + + After all of the debugging output and informational messages you'll + see the string "RFB 003.007" that came from x11vnc. Or you can even + just use a web browser connecting to: https://far-away.east:5900/ and + then view the SSL information about the connection in the panels. (Of + course these tests will also work if you started stunnel manually). + + If you serve up the SSL enabled Java VNC Viewer via something like: + x11vnc -ssl -httpdir /usr/local/share/x11vnc/classes/ssl + + (or just the -http option), you can test it out completely using that, + including using https to download it into the browser. + + + More notes on the SSL enabled Java VNC Viewer provided in + classes/ssl/VncViewer.jar: + + The SSL enabled Java VNC Viewer supports SSL based connections by + default (set the applet parameter disableSSL=yes in index.vnc to + override). As mentioned above the [330]-httpdir can be used to specify + the path to .../classes/ssl. Or the [331]-http can be used to try to + have it find the directory automatically. + + The Java viewer uses SSL to communicate with x11vnc. It can optionally + also be loaded into your web browser via https (http over SSL). This + way the Java applet itself is delivered securely. For this case the + output will be something like this: + x11vnc -ssl -http + ... + The SSL VNC desktop is: far-away.east:0 + Java SSL viewer URL: https://far-away.east:5900/ + Java SSL viewer URL: http://far-away.east:5800/ + PORT=5900 + SSLPORT=5900 + + Indicating the two URLs (one encrypted, the other not) one could point + the web browser to. + + The https service provided thru the actual VNC port (5900 in the above + example) can be slow or unreliable at times (it has to read some input + and try to guess if the connection is VNC or HTTP). If it is + unreliable and you still want to serve the Java applet via https, use + the [332]-https option to get an additional port dedicated to https + (its URL will also be printed in the output). + + If you do serve the SSL enabled Java viewer via https be prepared for + quite a number of "are you sure you trust this site?" dialogs: + * First from the Web browser that cannot verify the self-signed + certificate when it downloads index.vnc. + * From the Web browser noting that the name on the certificate does + not match the hostname of the remote machine. + * Next from the Java VM that cannot verify the self-signed + certificate when it downloads VncViewer.jar. + * And also from the Java VM noting that the name on the certificate + does not match the hostname of the remote machine. + * Finally from the Java VncViewer applet itself saying it cannot + verify the certificate! + + Maybe some sort of configuration can be done on the client machine to + make this less painful. See the next section on certificates to + possibly quiet things down. + + + Notes on SSL Certificates: + + The simplest scheme has x11vnc generate a temporary, self-signed + certificate each time (automatically using openssl(1)) and the client + accepts all certificates without question. + + This protects against all passive sniffing of the VNC traffic and + passwords on the network, but it does not prevent a Man-In-The-Middle + attack: e.g. an attacker intercepts the VNC client stream and sends it + his own Public key for SSL negotiation (pretending to be the server). + Then it makes a connection to SSL x11vnc itselfs and forwards the + packets back and forth. He can see all the traffic and modify it as + well. + + To prevent Man-In-The-Middle attacks, certificates must somehow be + verified. The simplest way to do this would be to create a certificate + via openssl(1) that x11vnc uses each time and copy the Public key part + securely to the client machines (and have their SSL machinery, e.g. + stunnel, pick up the certificate). That way then the connection to + x11vnc is made the client can verify that is it the desired server on + the other side of the SSL connection. + + To ease this, x11vnc will print the Public key part of the temporary + certificate out to the screen: +26/03/2006 21:12:00 Creating a temporary, self-signed PEM certificate... +... +-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- +MIIC4TCCAkqgAwIBAgIJAMnwCaOjvEKaMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAMIGmMQswCQYD +VQQGEwJBVTEOMAwGA1UEBxMFTGludXgxITAfBgNVBAsTGGFuZ2VsYS0xMTQzNDI1 +NTIwLjQxMTE2OTEPMA0GA1UEChMGeDExdm5jMS4wLAYDVQQDEyV4MTF2bmMtU0VM +(more lines) ... +-----END CERTIFICATE----- + + See also the X11VNC_SHOW_TMP_PEM and X11VNC_KEEP_TMP_PEM env. vars + described in [333]-ssl to allow you the save the whole certificate + (including the private key) so it can be easily reused if you restart + x11vnc. The private key part will look like: +-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- +MIICXAIBAAKBgQDEkyWqP7neqxqRT1JpAWrs8q5COQ6ZrIFHErfIEmqdNk58la2k +fxmzfUjk1AHK7Z9NgGQ5R6zkqmx8uMQ3V9m5BfnKwhS0yaMDgrZp9UE906yoXYbh +AEAL+05IFj/Aeo6IUhIYyMpbyH4iqNiTAO55Q+ICCAQuw1mRuIgeaDBqOwIDAQAB +(more lines) ... +-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- + + See the openssl(1) and stunnel(8) man pages on how to create keys. + (x11vnc uses something like "openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -config + ./cfgfile -out ./pemfile -keyout ./pemfile") + + An even fancier way (and scales well if the number of users is large) + is to use a Certificate Authority (CA) whose public key is available + to all of the clients and whose private key has been used to digitally + sign the x11vnc certificate. See this [334]article for some examples. + + One can also have x11vnc authenticate the connecting VNC clients via + SSL. The [335]-sslverify [path] option provides this. This can replace + VNC password authentication (and is safe as long as the certificate + keys are not compromised). + + Client authentication can also be made fancier (and better scaling) + via the Certificate Authority (CA) method. + + Regarding SSL certificate management, when all is said and done it is + not clear SSL is any "lighter weight" than SSH!! Key management is a + difficult part of public key encryption and it is nice SSH does it for + you (however the CA part does not seem to be done by ssh). + + If you do not expect Man-In-The-Middle attacks against you and just + want a private channel safe from passive sniffing, the simplest SSL + scheme (client accepts all certs) is safe and convenient if not + completely bulletproof. Q-38: Can I prompt the user at the local X display whether the @@ -2680,7 +2867,7 @@ connect = 5900 some clients view-only? How about running an arbitrary program to make the decisions? - Yes, look at the "[312]-accept command" option, it allows you to + Yes, look at the "[336]-accept command" option, it allows you to specify an external command that is run for each new client. (use quotes around the command if it contains spaces, etc.). If the external command returns 0 the client is accepted, otherwise the @@ -2699,7 +2886,7 @@ connect = 5900 own simple popup window. To accept the client press "y" or click mouse on the "Yes" button. To reject the client press "n" or click mouse on the "No" button. To accept the client View-only, press "v" or click - mouse on the "View" button. If the [313]-viewonly option has been + mouse on the "View" button. If the [337]-viewonly option has been supplied, the "View" action will not be present: the whole display is view only in that case. @@ -2715,7 +2902,7 @@ connect = 5900 program to prompt the user whether the client should be accepted or not. This requires that you have xmessage installed and available via PATH. In case it is not already on your system, the xmessage program - is available at [314]ftp://ftp.x.org/ + is available at [338]ftp://ftp.x.org/ To include view-only decisions for the external commands, prefix the command something like this: "yes:0,no:*,view:3 mycommand ..." This @@ -2754,7 +2941,7 @@ elif [ $rc = 4 ]; then fi exit 1 - Stefan Radman has written a nice dtksh script [315]dtVncPopup for use + Stefan Radman has written a nice dtksh script [339]dtVncPopup for use in CDE environments to do the same sort of thing. Information on how to use it is found at the top of the file. He encourages you to provide feedback to him to help improve the script. @@ -2763,7 +2950,7 @@ exit 1 popup is being run, so attached clients will not receive screen updates, etc during this period. - To run a command when a client disconnects, use the "[316]-gone + To run a command when a client disconnects, use the "[340]-gone command" option. This is for the user's convenience only: the return code of the command is not interpreted by x11vnc. The same environment variables are set as in "-accept command" (except that RFB_MODE will @@ -2776,7 +2963,7 @@ exit 1 Until the VNC protocol and libvncserver support this things will be approximate at best. - Update: as of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the [317]-unixpw option that does + Update: as of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the [341]-unixpw option that does this outside of the VNC protocol and libvncserver. The standard su(1) program is used to validate the user's password. A familiar "login:" and "Password:" dialog is presented to the user on a black screen @@ -2786,7 +2973,7 @@ exit 1 A list of allowed Unix usernames may also be supplied along with per-user settings. - There is also the [318]-unixpw_nis option for non-shadow-password + There is also the [342]-unixpw_nis option for non-shadow-password (typically NIS environments, hence the name) systems where the traditional getpwnam() and crypt() functions are used instead of su(1). The encrypted user passwords must be accessible to the user @@ -2795,7 +2982,7 @@ exit 1 shadow(5). Two settings are enforced in the -unixpw and -unixpw_nis modes to - provide extra security: the 1) [319]-localhost and 2) [320]-stunnel + provide extra security: the 1) [343]-localhost and 2) [344]-stunnel options. Without these one might send the Unix username and password data in clear text over the network which is a very bad idea. They can be relaxed if you want to provide encryption other than stunnel (the @@ -2813,13 +3000,13 @@ exit 1 Previous discussion: One approximate method involves starting x11vnc - with the [321]-localhost option. This basically requires the viewer + with the [345]-localhost option. This basically requires the viewer user to log into the workstation where x11vnc is running via their Unix username and password, and then somehow set up a port redirection of his vncviewer connection to make it appear to emanate from the local machine. As discussed above, ssh is useful for this: "ssh -L 5900:localhost:5900 user@hostname ..." See the ssh wrapper scripts - mentioned [322]elsewhere on this page. [323]stunnel does this as well. + mentioned [346]elsewhere on this page. [347]stunnel does this as well. Of course a malicious user could allow other users to get in through his channel, but that is a problem with every method. Another thing to @@ -2830,7 +3017,7 @@ exit 1 traditional way would be to further require a VNC password to supplied (-rfbauth, -passwd, etc) and only tell the people allowed in what the VNC password is. A scheme that avoids a second password involves using - the [324]-accept option that runs a program to examine the connection + the [348]-accept option that runs a program to examine the connection information to determine which user is connecting from the local machine. That may be difficult to do, but, for example, the program could use the ident service on the local machine (normally ident @@ -2866,7 +3053,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it display manager like gdm(1). Can I have x11vnc later switch to a different user? - As of Feb/2005 x11vnc has the [325]-users option that allows things + As of Feb/2005 x11vnc has the [349]-users option that allows things like this. Please read the documentation on it (also in the x11vnc -help output) carefully for features and caveats. It's use can often decrease security unless care is taken. @@ -2891,7 +3078,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it In any event, as of Jun/2004 there is an experimental utility to make it more difficult for nosey people to see your x11vnc activities. The - source for it is [326]blockdpy.c The idea behind it is simple (but + source for it is [350]blockdpy.c The idea behind it is simple (but obviously not bulletproof): when a VNC client attaches to x11vnc put the display monitor in the DPMS "off" state, if the DPMS state ever changes immediately start up the screen-lock program. The x11vnc user @@ -2907,8 +3094,8 @@ exit 1 # reject it bulletproof. A really robust solution would likely require X server and perhaps even video hardware support. - The blockdpy utility is launched by the [327]-accept option and told - to exit via the [328]-gone option (the vnc client user should + The blockdpy utility is launched by the [351]-accept option and told + to exit via the [352]-gone option (the vnc client user should obviously re-lock the screen before disconnecting!). Instructions can be found in the source code for the utility at the above link. @@ -2916,7 +3103,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it Q-42: Can I have x11vnc automatically lock the screen when I disconnect the VNC viewer? - Yes, a user mentions he uses the [329]-gone option under CDE to run a + Yes, a user mentions he uses the [353]-gone option under CDE to run a screen lock program: x11vnc -display :0 -forever -gone 'dtaction LockDisplay' @@ -2925,7 +3112,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it x11vnc -display :0 -forever -gone 'kdesktop_lock' x11vnc -display :0 -forever -gone 'xlock &' - Here is a scheme using the [330]-afteraccept option (in version 0.7.3) + Here is a scheme using the [354]-afteraccept option (in version 0.7.3) to unlock the screen after the first valid VNC login and to lock the screen after the last valid VNC login disconnects: x11vnc -display :0 -forever -shared -afteraccept ./myxlocker -gone ./myxlocke @@ -2964,11 +3151,11 @@ fi need to have sufficient permissions to connect to the X display. Here are some ideas: - * Use the description under "Continuously" in the [331]FAQ on x11vnc + * Use the description under "Continuously" in the [355]FAQ on x11vnc and Display Managers - * Use the description in the [332]FAQ on x11vnc and inetd(1) + * Use the description in the [356]FAQ on x11vnc and inetd(1) * Start x11vnc from your $HOME/.xsession (or $HOME/.xinitrc) - * Although less reliable, see the [333]x11vnc_loop rc.local hack + * Although less reliable, see the [357]x11vnc_loop rc.local hack below. The display manager scheme will not be specific to which user has the @@ -2999,7 +3186,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg while running x11vnc as root, e.g. for the gnome display manager, gdm: x11vnc -auth /var/gdm/:0.Xauth -display :0 - (the [334]-auth option sets the XAUTHORITY variable for you). + (the [358]-auth option sets the XAUTHORITY variable for you). There will be a similar thing for xdm using however a different auth directory path (perhaps something like @@ -3024,7 +3211,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg auth file should be in /var/dt), you'll also need to add something like Dtlogin*grabServer:False to the Xconfig file (/etc/dt/config/Xconfig or /usr/dt/config/Xconfig on Solaris, see - [335]the example at the end of this FAQ). Then restart dtlogin, e.g.: + [359]the example at the end of this FAQ). Then restart dtlogin, e.g.: /etc/init.d/dtlogin stop; /etc/init.d/dtlogin start or reboot. Continuously. Have x11vnc reattach each time the X server is @@ -3087,7 +3274,7 @@ rever -bg Then restart: /usr/sbin/gdm-restart (or reboot). The KillInitClients=false setting is important: without it x11vnc will be - killed immediately after the user logs in. Here are [336]full details + killed immediately after the user logs in. Here are [360]full details on how to configure gdm _________________________________________________________________ @@ -3129,13 +3316,13 @@ rever -bg If you do not want to deal with any display manager startup scripts, here is a kludgey script that can be run manually or out of a boot - file like rc.local: [337]x11vnc_loop It will need some local + file like rc.local: [361]x11vnc_loop It will need some local customization before running. Because the XAUTHORITY auth file must be guessed by this script, use of the display manager script method described above is greatly preferred. If the machine is a traditional Xterminal you may want to read - [338]this FAQ. + [362]this FAQ. Q-45: Can I run x11vnc out of inetd(1)? How about xinetd(1)? @@ -3145,7 +3332,7 @@ rever -bg 5900 stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/local/bin/x11vnc_sh - where the shell script /usr/local/bin/x11vnc_sh uses the [339]-inetd + where the shell script /usr/local/bin/x11vnc_sh uses the [363]-inetd option and looks something like (you'll need to customize to your settings). #!/bin/sh @@ -3158,7 +3345,7 @@ rever -bg and that confuses it greatly, causing it to abort). If you do not use a wrapper script as above but rather call x11vnc directly in /etc/inetd.conf and do not redirect stderr to a file, then you must - specify the -q (aka [340]-quiet) option: "/usr/local/bin/x11vnc -q + specify the -q (aka [364]-quiet) option: "/usr/local/bin/x11vnc -q -inetd ...". When you supply both -q and -inet and no "-o logfile" then stderr will automatically be closed (to prevent, e.g. library stderr messages leaking out to the viewer). The recommended practice @@ -3166,7 +3353,7 @@ rever -bg script with "2>logfile" redirection because the errors and warnings printed out are very useful in troubleshooting problems. - Note also the need to set XAUTHORITY via [341]-auth to point to the + Note also the need to set XAUTHORITY via [365]-auth to point to the MIT-COOKIE auth file to get permission to connect to the X display (setting and exporting the XAUTHORITY variable accomplishes the same thing). See the x11vnc_loop file in the previous question for more @@ -3234,7 +3421,7 @@ service x11vncservice Q-46: Can I have x11vnc restart itself after it terminates? One could do this in a shell script, but now there is an option - [342]-loop that makes it easier. Of course when x11vnc restarts it + [366]-loop that makes it easier. Of course when x11vnc restarts it needs to have permissions to connect to the (potentially new) X display. This mode could be useful if the X server restarts often. Use e.g. "-loop5000" to sleep 5000 ms between restarts. Also "-loop2000,5" @@ -3245,7 +3432,7 @@ service x11vncservice web browser? To have x11vnc serve up a Java VNC viewer applet to any web browsers - that connect to it, run x11vnc with this [343]option: + that connect to it, run x11vnc with this [367]option: -httpdir /path/to/the/java/classes/dir (this directory will contain the files index.vnc and, for example, @@ -3264,7 +3451,7 @@ service x11vncservice then you can connect to that URL with any Java enabled browser. Feel free to customize the default index.vnc file in the classes directory. - As of May/2005 the [344]-http option will try to guess where the Java + As of May/2005 the [368]-http option will try to guess where the Java classes jar file is by looking a expected locations. Also note that if you wanted to, you could also start the Java viewer @@ -3278,7 +3465,7 @@ service x11vncservice As of Mar/2004 in the libvncserver CVS x11vnc supports reverse connections. On Unix one starts the VNC viewer in listen mode: vncviewer -listen (see your documentation for Windows, etc), and then - starts up x11vnc with the [345]-connect option. To connect immediately + starts up x11vnc with the [369]-connect option. To connect immediately at x11vnc startup time use the "-connect host:port" option (use commas for a list of hosts to connect to). The ":port" is optional (default is 5500). @@ -3287,7 +3474,7 @@ service x11vncservice file is checked periodically (about once a second) for new hosts to connect to. - The [346]-remote control option (aka -R) can also be used to do this + The [370]-remote control option (aka -R) can also be used to do this during an active x11vnc session, e.g.: x11vnc -display :0 -R connect:hostname.domain @@ -3299,7 +3486,7 @@ x11vnc -display :0 -R connect:hostname.domain starting x11vnc. To use the vncconnect(1) program (from the core VNC package at - www.realvnc.com) specify the [347]-vncconnect option to x11vnc (Note: + www.realvnc.com) specify the [371]-vncconnect option to x11vnc (Note: as of Dec/2004 -vncconnect is now the default). vncconnect(1) must be pointed to the same X11 DISPLAY as x11vnc (since it uses X properties to communicate with x11vnc). If you do not have or do not want to get @@ -3344,7 +3531,7 @@ xprop -root -f VNC_CONNECT 8s -set VNC_CONNECT "$1" There are some annoyances WRT Xvfb though. The default keyboard mapping seems to be very poor. One should run x11vnc with - [348]-add_keysyms option to have keysyms added automatically. Also, to + [372]-add_keysyms option to have keysyms added automatically. Also, to add the Shift_R and Control_R modifiers something like this is needed: #!/bin/sh xmodmap -e "keycode any = Shift_R" @@ -3366,11 +3553,11 @@ xmodmap -e "add Control = Control_L Control_R" The main drawback to this method (besides requiring extra configuration and possibly root permission) is that it also does the - Linux Virtual Console/Terminal (VC/VT) [349]switching even though it + Linux Virtual Console/Terminal (VC/VT) [373]switching even though it does not need to (since it doesn't use a real framebuffer). There are some "dual headed" (actually multi-headed/multi-user) patches to the X server that turn off the VT usage in the X server. Update: As of - Jul/2005 we have an LD_PRELOAD script [350]Xdummy that allows you to + Jul/2005 we have an LD_PRELOAD script [374]Xdummy that allows you to use a stock (i.e. unpatched) Xorg or XFree86 server with the "dummy" driver and not have any VT switching problems! Currently Xdummy needs to be run as root, but with some luck that may be relaxed in the @@ -3402,7 +3589,7 @@ startx -- /path/to/Xdummy :1 An X server can be started on the headless machine (sometimes this requires configuring the X server to not fail if it cannot detect a keyboard or mouse, see the next paragraph). Then you can export that X - display via x11vnc (e.g. see [351]this FAQ) and access it from + display via x11vnc (e.g. see [375]this FAQ) and access it from anywhere on the network via a VNC viewer. Some tips on getting X servers to start on machines without keyboard @@ -3445,7 +3632,7 @@ startx -- /path/to/Xdummy :1 19/03/2004 10:10:58 error creating tile-row shm for len=4 19/03/2004 10:10:58 reverting to single_copytile mode - Here is a shell script [352]shm_clear to list and prompt for removal + Here is a shell script [376]shm_clear to list and prompt for removal of your unattached shm segments (attached ones are skipped). I use it while debugging x11vnc (I use "shm_clear -y" to assume "yes" for each prompt). If x11vnc is regularly not cleaning up its shm segments, @@ -3479,36 +3666,36 @@ ied) in /etc/system. See the next paragraph for more workarounds. To minimize the number of shm segments used by x11vnc try using the - [353]-onetile option (corresponds to only 3 shm segments used, and + [377]-onetile option (corresponds to only 3 shm segments used, and adding -fs 1.0 knocks it down to 2). If you are having much trouble with shm segments, consider disabling shm completely via the - [354]-noshm option. Performance will be somewhat degraded but when + [378]-noshm option. Performance will be somewhat degraded but when done over local machine sockets it should be acceptable (see an - [355]earlier question discussing -noshm). + [379]earlier question discussing -noshm). Q-52: How can I make x11vnc use less system resources? - The [356]-nap and "[357]-wait n" (where n is the sleep between polls + The [380]-nap and "[381]-wait n" (where n is the sleep between polls in milliseconds, the default is 30 or so) option are good places to start. Reducing the X server bits per pixel depth (e.g. to 16bpp or even 8bpp) will further decrease memory I/O and network I/O. The ShadowFB will make x11vnc's screen polling less severe. Using the - [358]-onetile option will use less memory and use fewer shared memory - slots (add [359]-fs 1.0 for one less slot). + [382]-onetile option will use less memory and use fewer shared memory + slots (add [383]-fs 1.0 for one less slot). Q-53: How can I make x11vnc use MORE system resources? - You can try [360]-threads and dial down the wait time (e.g. -wait 1) - and possibly dial down [361]-defer as well. Note that if you try to + You can try [384]-threads and dial down the wait time (e.g. -wait 1) + and possibly dial down [385]-defer as well. Note that if you try to increase the "frame rate" too much you can bog down the server end with the extra work it needs to do compressing the framebuffer data, etc. That said, it is possible to "stream" video via x11vnc if the video window is small enough. E.g. a 256x192 xawtv TV capture window (using - the x11vnc [362]-id option) can be streamed over a LAN or wireless at + the x11vnc [386]-id option) can be streamed over a LAN or wireless at a reasonable frame rate. @@ -3524,16 +3711,16 @@ ied) * Use a smaller desktop size (e.g. 1024x768 instead of 1280x1024) * Make sure the desktop background is a solid color (the background is resent every time it is re-exposed). Consider using the - [363]-solid [color] option to try to do this automatically. + [387]-solid [color] option to try to do this automatically. * Configure your window manager or desktop "theme" to not use fancy images, shading, and gradients for the window decorations, etc. Disable window animations, etc. Maybe your desktop has a "low bandwidth" theme you can easily switch into and out of. * Avoid small scrolls of large windows using the Arrow keys or scrollbar. Try to use PageUp/PageDown instead. (not so much of a - problem in x11vnc 0.7.2 if [364]-scrollcopyrect is active and + problem in x11vnc 0.7.2 if [388]-scrollcopyrect is active and detecting scrolls for the application). - * If the [365]-wireframe option is not available (earlier than + * If the [389]-wireframe option is not available (earlier than x11vnc 0.7.2 or you have disabled it via -nowireframe) then Disable Opaque Moves and Resizes in the window manager/desktop. * However if -wireframe is active (on by default in x11vnc 0.7.2) @@ -3553,7 +3740,7 @@ ied) noticed. VNC viewer parameters: - * Use a [366]TightVNC enabled viewer! (Actually, RealVNC 4.x viewer + * Use a [390]TightVNC enabled viewer! (Actually, RealVNC 4.x viewer with ZRLE encoding is not too bad either; some claim it is faster). * Make sure the tight (or zrle) encoding is being used (look at @@ -3576,28 +3763,28 @@ ied) file. x11vnc parameters: - * Try using [367]-nodragging (no screen updates when dragging mouse, + * Try using [391]-nodragging (no screen updates when dragging mouse, but sometimes you miss visual feedback) - * Make sure the [368]-wireframe option is active (it should be on by + * Make sure the [392]-wireframe option is active (it should be on by default) and you have Opaque Moves/Resizes Enabled in the window manager. - * Make sure the [369]-scrollcopyrect option is active (it should be + * Make sure the [393]-scrollcopyrect option is active (it should be on by default). This detects scrolls in many (but not all) applications an applies the CopyRect encoding for a big speedup. - * Set [370]-fs 1.0 (disables fullscreen updates) - * Try increasing [371]-wait or [372]-defer (reduces the maximum + * Set [394]-fs 1.0 (disables fullscreen updates) + * Try increasing [395]-wait or [396]-defer (reduces the maximum "frame rate", but won't help much for large screen changes) - * Try the [373]-progressive pixelheight mode with the block + * Try the [397]-progressive pixelheight mode with the block pixelheight 100 or so (delays sending vertical blocks since they may change while viewer is receiving earlier ones) - * If you just want to watch one (simple) window use [374]-id (cuts + * If you just want to watch one (simple) window use [398]-id (cuts down extraneous polling and updates, but can be buggy or insufficient) - * Set [375]-nosel (disables all clipboard selection exchange) - * Use [376]-nocursor and [377]-nocursorpos (repainting the remote + * Set [399]-nosel (disables all clipboard selection exchange) + * Use [400]-nocursor and [401]-nocursorpos (repainting the remote cursor position and shape takes resources and round trips) * On very slow links (e.g. <= 28.8) you may need to increase the - [378]-readtimeout n setting if it sometimes takes more than 20sec + [402]-readtimeout n setting if it sometimes takes more than 20sec to paint the full screen, etc. @@ -3619,7 +3806,7 @@ ied) Note that the DAMAGE extension does not speed up the actual reading of pixels from the video card framebuffer memory, by, say, mirroring them - in main memory. So reading the fb is still painfully [379]slow (e.g. + in main memory. So reading the fb is still painfully [403]slow (e.g. 5MB/sec), and so even using X DAMAGE when large changes occur on the screen the bulk of the time is still spent retrieving them. Not ideal, but use of the ShadowFB XFree86/Xorg option speeds up the reading @@ -3637,27 +3824,27 @@ ied) DAMAGE rectangles to contain real damage. The larger rectangles are only used as hints to focus the traditional scanline polling (i.e. if a scanline doesn't intersect a recent DAMAGE rectangle, the scan is - skipped). You can use the "[380]-xd_area A" option to adjust the size + skipped). You can use the "[404]-xd_area A" option to adjust the size of the trusted DAMAGE rectangles. The default is 20000 pixels (e.g. a 140x140 square, etc). Use "-xd_area 0" to disable the cutoff and trust all DAMAGE rectangles. - The option "[381]-xd_mem f" may also be of use in tuning the - algorithm. To disable using DAMAGE entirely use "[382]-noxdamage". + The option "[405]-xd_mem f" may also be of use in tuning the + algorithm. To disable using DAMAGE entirely use "[406]-noxdamage". Q-56: When I drag windows around with the mouse or scroll up and down things really bog down (unless I do the drag in a single, quick motion). Is there anything to do to improve things? - This problem is primarily due to [383]slow hardware read rates from + This problem is primarily due to [407]slow hardware read rates from video cards: as you scroll or move a large window around the screen changes are much too rapid for x11vnc to keep up them (it can usually only read the video card at about 5-10 MB/sec, so it can take a good fraction of a second to read the changes induce from moving a large window, if this to be done a number of times in succession the window or scroll appears to "lurch" forward). See the description in the - [384]-pointer_mode option for more info. The next bottleneck is + [408]-pointer_mode option for more info. The next bottleneck is compressing all of these changes and sending them out to connected viewers, however the VNC protocol is pretty much self-adapting with respect to that (updates are only packaged and sent when viewers ask @@ -3667,26 +3854,26 @@ ied) tree. The default should now be much better than before and dragging small windows around should no longer be a huge pain. If for some reason these changes make matters worse, you can go back to the old - way via the "[385]-pointer_mode 1" option. + way via the "[409]-pointer_mode 1" option. - Also added was the [386]-nodragging option that disables all screen + Also added was the [410]-nodragging option that disables all screen updates while dragging with the mouse (i.e. mouse motion with a button held down). This gives the snappiest response, but might be undesired in some circumstances when you want to see the visual feedback while dragging (e.g. menu traversal or text selection). - As of Dec/2004 in the libvncserver CVS the [387]-pointer_mode n option + As of Dec/2004 in the libvncserver CVS the [411]-pointer_mode n option was introduced. n=1 is the original mode, n=2 an improvement, etc.. See the -pointer_mode n help for more info. - Also, in some circumstances the [388]-threads option can improve + Also, in some circumstances the [412]-threads option can improve response considerably. Be forewarned that if more than one vncviewer is connected at the same time then libvncserver may not be thread safe (try to get the viewers to use different VNC encodings, e.g. tight and ZRLE). As of Apr/2005 in the libvncserver CVS two new options (see the - [389]wireframe FAQ and [390]scrollcopyrect FAQ below) provide schemes + [413]wireframe FAQ and [414]scrollcopyrect FAQ below) provide schemes to sweep this problem under the rug for window moves or resizes and for some (but not all) window scrolls. @@ -3702,8 +3889,8 @@ ied) shown. When the window move/resize stops, it returns to normal processing: you should only see the window appear in the new position. This spares you from interacting with a "lurching" window between all - of the intermediate steps. BTW the lurching is due to [391]slow video - card read rates (see [392]here too). A displacement, even a small one, + of the intermediate steps. BTW the lurching is due to [415]slow video + card read rates (see [416]here too). A displacement, even a small one, of a large window requires a non-negligible amount of time, a good fraction of a second, to read in from the hardware framebuffer. @@ -3711,7 +3898,7 @@ ied) for -wireframe to do any good. The mode is currently on by default because most people are inflicted - with the problem. It can be disabled with the [393]-nowireframe option + with the problem. It can be disabled with the [417]-nowireframe option (aka -nowf). Why might one want to turn off the wireframing? Since x11vnc is merely guessing when windows are being moved/resized, it may guess poorly for your window-manager or desktop, or even for the way @@ -3756,13 +3943,13 @@ ied) * Maximum time to show a wireframe animation. * Minimum time between sending wireframe outlines. - See the [394]"-wireframe tweaks" option for more details. On a slow + See the [418]"-wireframe tweaks" option for more details. On a slow link, e.g. dialup modem, the parameters may be automatically adjusted for better response. CopyRect encoding: In addition to the above there is the - [395]"-wirecopyrect mode" option. It is also on by default. This + [419]"-wirecopyrect mode" option. It is also on by default. This instructs x11vnc to not only show the wireframe animation, but to also instruct all connected VNC viewers to locally translate the window image data from the original position to the new position on the @@ -3810,7 +3997,7 @@ ied) requiring the image data to be transmitted over the network. For fast links the speedup is primarily due to x11vnc not having to read the scrolled framebuffer data from the X server (recall that reading from - the hardware framebuffer is [396]slow). + the hardware framebuffer is [420]slow). To do this x11vnc uses the RECORD X extension to snoop the X11 protocol between the X client with the focus window and the X server. @@ -3832,10 +4019,10 @@ ied) the X server display: if one falls too far behind it could become a mess... - The initial implementation of [397]-scrollcopyrect option is useful in + The initial implementation of [421]-scrollcopyrect option is useful in that it detects many scrolls and thus gives a much nicer working - environment (especially when combined with the [398]-wireframe - [399]-wirecopyrect [400]options, which are also on by default; and if + environment (especially when combined with the [422]-wireframe + [423]-wirecopyrect [424]options, which are also on by default; and if you are willing to enable the ShadowFB things are very fast). The fact that there aren't long delays or lurches during scrolling is the primary improvement. @@ -3868,10 +4055,10 @@ ied) One can tap the Alt_L key (Left "Alt" key) 3 times in a row to signal x11vnc to refresh the screen to all viewers. Your VNC-viewer may have its own screen refresh hot-key or button. See - also: [401]-fixscreen + also: [425]-fixscreen * Some applications, notably OpenOffice, do XCopyArea scrolls in weird ways that assume ancestor window clipping is taking place. - See the [402]-scr_skip option for ways to tweak this on a + See the [426]-scr_skip option for ways to tweak this on a per-application basis. * Selecting text while dragging the mouse may be slower, especially if the Button-down event happens near the window's edge. This is @@ -3888,7 +4075,7 @@ ied) because it fails to detect scrolls in it. Sometimes clicking inside the application window or selecting some text in it to force the focus helps. - * When using the [403]-scale option there will be a quick CopyRect + * When using the [427]-scale option there will be a quick CopyRect scroll, but it needs to be followed by a slower "cleanup" update. This is because for a fixed finite screen resolution (e.g. 75 dpi) scaling and copyrect-ing are not exactly independent. Scaling @@ -3901,7 +4088,7 @@ ied) If you find the -scrollcopyrect behavior too approximate or distracting you can go back to the standard polling-only update method - with the [404]-noscrollcopyrect (or -noscr for short). If you find + with the [428]-noscrollcopyrect (or -noscr for short). If you find some extremely bad and repeatable behavior for -scrollcopyrect please report a bug. @@ -3940,16 +4127,16 @@ ied) this is because the cursor shape is often downloaded to the graphics hardware (video card), but I could be mistaken. - A simple kludge is provided by the "[405]-cursor X" option that + A simple kludge is provided by the "[429]-cursor X" option that changes the cursor when the mouse is on the root background (or any window has the same cursor as the root background). Note that desktops like GNOME or KDE often cover up the root background, so this won't - work for those cases. Also see the "[406]-cursor some" option for + work for those cases. Also see the "[430]-cursor some" option for additional kludges. Note that as of Aug/2004 in the libvncserver CVS, on Solaris using the SUN_OVL overlay extension and IRIX, x11vnc can show the correct mouse - cursor when the [407]-overlay option is supplied. See [408]this FAQ + cursor when the [431]-overlay option is supplied. See [432]this FAQ for more info. Also as of Dec/2004 in the libvncserver CVS XFIXES X extension support @@ -3957,7 +4144,7 @@ ied) XFIXES fixes the problem of the cursor-shape being write-only: x11vnc can now query the X server for the current shape and send it back to the connected viewers. XFIXES is available on recent Linux Xorg based - distros and [409]Solaris 10. + distros and [433]Solaris 10. The only XFIXES issue is the handling of alpha channel transparency in cursors. If a cursor has any translucency then in general it must be @@ -3965,7 +4152,7 @@ ied) situations where the cursor transparency can also handled exactly: when the VNC Viewer requires the cursor shape be drawn into the VNC framebuffer or if you apply a patch to your VNC Viewer to extract - hidden alpha channel data under 32bpp. [410]Details can be found here. + hidden alpha channel data under 32bpp. [434]Details can be found here. Q-60: When using XFIXES cursorshape mode, some of the cursors look @@ -3998,17 +4185,17 @@ ied) for most cursor themes and you don't have to worry about it. In case it still looks bad for your cursor theme, there are (of - course!) some tunable parameters. The "[411]-alphacut n" option lets + course!) some tunable parameters. The "[435]-alphacut n" option lets you set the threshold "n" (between 0 and 255): cursor pixels with alpha values below n will be considered completely transparent while values equal to or above n will be completely opaque. The default is - 240. The "[412]-alphafrac f" option tries to correct individual + 240. The "[436]-alphafrac f" option tries to correct individual cursors that did not fare well with the default -alphacut value: if a cursor has less than fraction f (between 0.0 and 1.0) of its pixels selected by the default -alphacut, the threshold is lowered until f of its pixels are selected. The default fraction is 0.33. - Finally, there is an option [413]-alpharemove that is useful for + Finally, there is an option [437]-alpharemove that is useful for themes where many cursors are light colored (e.g. "whiteglass"). XFIXES returns the cursor data with the RGB values pre-multiplied by the alpha value. If the white cursors look too grey, specify @@ -4034,11 +4221,11 @@ ied) send the alpha channel data to libvncserver. However, this data will only be used for VNC clients that do not support the CursorShapeUpdates VNC extension (or have disabled it). It can be - disabled for all clients with the [414]-nocursorshape x11vnc option. + disabled for all clients with the [438]-nocursorshape x11vnc option. In this case the cursor is drawn, correctly blended with the background, into the VNC framebuffer before being sent out to the client. So the alpha blending is done on the x11vnc side. Use the - [415]-noalphablend option to disable this behavior (always approximate + [439]-noalphablend option to disable this behavior (always approximate transparent cursors with opaque RGB values). The CursorShapeUpdates VNC extension complicates matters because the @@ -4066,9 +4253,9 @@ ied) Q-62: Why does the mouse arrow just stay in one corner in my vncviewer, whereas my cursor (that does move) is just a dot? - This default takes advantage of a [416]tightvnc extension + This default takes advantage of a [440]tightvnc extension (CursorShapeUpdates) that allows specifying a cursor image shape for - the local VNC viewer. You may disable it with the [417]-nocursor + the local VNC viewer. You may disable it with the [441]-nocursor option to x11vnc if your viewer does not have this extension. Note: as of Aug/2004 in the libvncserver CVS this should be fixed: the @@ -4082,18 +4269,18 @@ ied) clients (i.e. passive viewers can see the mouse cursor being moved around by another viewer)? - Use the [418]-cursorpos option when starting x11vnc. A VNC viewer must + Use the [442]-cursorpos option when starting x11vnc. A VNC viewer must support the Cursor Positions Updates for the user to see the mouse motions (the TightVNC viewers support this). As of Aug/2004 in the - libvncserver CVS -cursorpos is the default. See also [419]-nocursorpos - and [420]-nocursorshape. + libvncserver CVS -cursorpos is the default. See also [443]-nocursorpos + and [444]-nocursorshape. Q-64: Is it possible to swap the mouse buttons (e.g. left-handed operation), or arbitrarily remap them? How about mapping button clicks to keystrokes, e.g. to partially emulate Mouse wheel scrolling? - You can remap the mouse buttons via something like: [421]-buttonmap + You can remap the mouse buttons via something like: [445]-buttonmap 13-31 (or perhaps 12-21). Also, note that xmodmap(1) lets you directly adjust the X server's button mappings, but in some circumstances it might be more desirable to have x11vnc do it. @@ -4101,7 +4288,7 @@ ied) One user had an X server with only one mouse button(!) and was able to map all of the VNC client mouse buttons to it via: -buttonmap 123-111. - Note that the [422]-debug_pointer option prints out much info for + Note that the [446]-debug_pointer option prints out much info for every mouse/pointer event and is handy in solving problems. To map mouse button clicks to keystrokes you can use the alternate @@ -4123,7 +4310,7 @@ ied) Exactly what keystroke "scrolling" events they should be bound to depends on one's taste. If this method is too approximate, one could - consider not using [423]-buttonmap but rather configuring the X server + consider not using [447]-buttonmap but rather configuring the X server to think it has a mouse with 5 buttons even though the physical mouse does not. (e.g. 'Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"'). @@ -4153,7 +4340,7 @@ ied) Q-65: How can I get my AltGr and Shift modifiers to work between keyboards for different languages? - The option [424]-modtweak should help here. It is a mode that monitors + The option [448]-modtweak should help here. It is a mode that monitors the state of the Shift and AltGr Modifiers and tries to deduce the correct keycode to send, possibly by sending fake modifier key presses and releases in addition to the actual keystroke. @@ -4162,17 +4349,17 @@ ied) default (use -nomodtweak to get the old behavior). This was done because it was noticed on newer XFree86 setups even on bland "us" keyboards like "pc104 us" XFree86 included a "ghost" key with both "<" - and ">" it. This key does not exist on the keyboard (see [425]this FAQ + and ">" it. This key does not exist on the keyboard (see [449]this FAQ for more info). Without -modtweak there was then an ambiguity in the reverse map keysym => keycode, making it so the "<" symbol could not be typed. - Also see the [426]FAQ about the -xkb option for a more powerful method + Also see the [450]FAQ about the -xkb option for a more powerful method of modifier tweaking for use on X servers with the XKEYBOARD extension. When trying to resolve keyboard mapping problems, note that the - [427]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for every keystroke + [451]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for every keystroke and so can be useful debugging things. @@ -4184,9 +4371,9 @@ ied) (e.g. pc105 in the XF86Config file when it should be something else, say pc104). - Short Cut: Try the [428]-xkb or [429]-sloppy_keys options and see if + Short Cut: Try the [452]-xkb or [453]-sloppy_keys options and see if that helps the situation. The discussion below is a bit outdated (e.g. - [430]-modtweak is now the default) but is useful reference for various + [454]-modtweak is now the default) but is useful reference for various tricks and so is kept. @@ -4229,17 +4416,17 @@ ied) -remap less-comma These are convenient in that they do not modify the actual X server - settings. The former ([431]-modtweak) is a mode that monitors the + settings. The former ([455]-modtweak) is a mode that monitors the state of the Shift and AltGr modifiers and tries to deduce the correct keycode sequence to send. Since Jul/2004 -modtweak is now the default. - The latter ([432]-remap less-comma) is an immediate remapping of the + The latter ([456]-remap less-comma) is an immediate remapping of the keysym less to the keysym comma when it comes in from a client (so when Shift is down the comma press will yield "<"). - See also the [433]FAQ about the -xkb option as a possible workaround + See also the [457]FAQ about the -xkb option as a possible workaround using the XKEYBOARD extension. - Note that the [434]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for + Note that the [458]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for every keystroke to aid debugging keyboard problems. @@ -4247,13 +4434,13 @@ ied) (i.e. an extra comma). This is likely because you press "Shift" then "<" but then released - the Shift key before releasing the "<". Because of a [435]keymapping + the Shift key before releasing the "<". Because of a [459]keymapping ambiguity the last event "< up" is interpreted as "," because that key unshifted is the comma. - This should not happen in [436]-xkb mode, because it works hard to + This should not happen in [460]-xkb mode, because it works hard to resolve the ambiguities. If you do not want to use -xkb, try the - option [437]-sloppy_keys to attempt a similar type of algorithm. + option [461]-sloppy_keys to attempt a similar type of algorithm. Q-68: I'm using an "international" keyboard (e.g. German "de", or @@ -4277,7 +4464,7 @@ ied) In both cases no AltGr is sent to the VNC server, but we know AltGr is needed on the physical international keyboard to type a "@". - This all worked fine with x11vnc running with the [438]-modtweak + This all worked fine with x11vnc running with the [462]-modtweak option (it figures out how to adjust the Modifier keys (Shift or AltGr) to get the "@"). However it fails under recent versions of XFree86 (and the X.org fork). These run the XKEYBOARD extension by @@ -4295,7 +4482,7 @@ ied) * there is a new option -xkb to use the XKEYBOARD extension API to do the Modifier key tweaking. - The [439]-xkb option seems to fix all of the missing keys: "@", "<", + The [463]-xkb option seems to fix all of the missing keys: "@", "<", ">", etc.: it is recommended that you try it if you have this sort of problem. Let us know if there are any remaining problems (see the next paragraph for some known problems). If you specify the -debug_keyboard @@ -4303,7 +4490,7 @@ ied) debugging output (send it along with any problems you report). Update: as of Jun/2005 x11vnc will try to automatically enable - [440]-xkb if it appears that would be beneficial (e.g. if it sees any + [464]-xkb if it appears that would be beneficial (e.g. if it sees any of "@", "<", ">", "[" and similar keys are mapped in a way that needs the -xkb to access them). To disable this automatic check use -noxkb. @@ -4318,7 +4505,7 @@ ied) was attached to keycode 93 (no physical key generates this keycode) while ISO_Level3_Shift was attached to keycode 113. The keycode skipping option was used to disable the ghost key: - [441]-skip_keycodes 93 + [465]-skip_keycodes 93 * In implementing -xkb we noticed that some characters were still not getting through, e.g. "~" and "^". This is not really an XKEYBOARD problem. What was happening was the VNC viewer was @@ -4335,16 +4522,16 @@ ied) What to do? In general the VNC protocol has not really solved this problem: what should be done if the VNC viewer sends a keysym not recognized by the VNC server side? Workarounds can possibly be - created using the [442]-remap x11vnc option: + created using the [466]-remap x11vnc option: -remap asciitilde-dead_tilde,asciicircum-dead_circumflex etc. Use -remap filename if the list is long. Please send us your workarounds for this problem on your keyboard. Perhaps we can have x11vnc adjust automatically at some point. Also see the - [443]-add_keysyms option in the next paragraph. - Update: for convenience "[444]-remap DEAD" does many of these + [467]-add_keysyms option in the next paragraph. + Update: for convenience "[468]-remap DEAD" does many of these mappings at once. - * To complement the above workaround using the [445]-remap, an - option [446]-add_keysyms was added. This option instructs x11vnc + * To complement the above workaround using the [469]-remap, an + option [470]-add_keysyms was added. This option instructs x11vnc to bind any unknown Keysyms coming in from VNC viewers to unused Keycodes in the X server. This modifies the global state of the X server. When x11vnc exits it removes the extra keymappings it @@ -4363,7 +4550,7 @@ ied) Short answer: disable key autorepeating by running the command "xset r off" on the Xserver where x11vnc is run (restore via "xset r on") or - use the new (Jul/2004) [447]-norepeat x11vnc option. You will still + use the new (Jul/2004) [471]-norepeat x11vnc option. You will still have autorepeating because that is taken care of on your VNC viewer side. @@ -4387,7 +4574,7 @@ ied) off", does the problem go away? The workaround is to manually apply "xset r off" and "xset r on" as - needed, or to use the [448]-norepeat (which has since Dec/2004 been + needed, or to use the [472]-norepeat (which has since Dec/2004 been made the default). Note that with X server autorepeat turned off the VNC viewer side of the connection will (nearly always) do its own autorepeating so there is no big loss here, unless someone is also @@ -4398,7 +4585,7 @@ ied) keystrokes!! Are you using x11vnc to log in to an X session? (as described in - [449]this FAQ) If so, x11vnc is starting before your session and it + [473]this FAQ) If so, x11vnc is starting before your session and it disables autorepeat when you connect, but then after you log in your session startup (GNOME, KDE, ...) could be resetting the autorepeat to be on. Or it could be something inside your desktop trying to be @@ -4422,7 +4609,7 @@ ied) machine where I run the VNC viewer does not. Is there a way I can map a local unused key to send an AltGr? How about a Compose key as well? - Something like "[450]-remap Super_R-Mode_switch" x11vnc option may + Something like "[474]-remap Super_R-Mode_switch" x11vnc option may work. Note that Super_R is the "Right Windoze(tm) Flaggie" key; you may want to choose another. The -debug_keyboard option comes in handy in finding keysym names (so does xev(1)). @@ -4445,7 +4632,7 @@ ied) Since xmodmap(1) modifies the X server mappings you may not want to do this (because it affects local work on that machine). Something like - the [451]-remap Alt_L-Meta_L to x11vnc may be sufficient for ones + the [475]-remap Alt_L-Meta_L to x11vnc may be sufficient for ones needs, and does not modify the X server environment. Note that you cannot send Alt_L in this case, maybe -remap Super_L-Meta_L would be a better choice if the Super_L key is typically unused in Unix. @@ -4456,7 +4643,7 @@ ied) This can be done directly in some X servers using AccessX and Pointer_EnableKeys, but is a bit awkward. It may be more convenient to - have x11vnc do the remapping. This can be done via the [452]-remap + have x11vnc do the remapping. This can be done via the [476]-remap option using the fake "keysyms" Button1, Button2, etc. as the "to" keys (i.e. the ones after the "-") @@ -4465,7 +4652,7 @@ ied) button "paste" because (using XFree86/Xorg Emulate3Buttons) you have to click both buttons on the touch pad at the same time. This remapping: - [453]-remap Super_R-Button2 + [477]-remap Super_R-Button2 maps the Super_R "flag" key press to the Button2 click, thereby making X pasting a bit easier. @@ -4495,7 +4682,7 @@ ied) There may also be scaling viewers out there (e.g. TightVNC or UltraVNC on Windows) that automatically shrink or expand the remote framebuffer to fit the local display. Especially for hand-held devices. See also - [454]this FAQ on x11vnc scaling. + [478]this FAQ on x11vnc scaling. Q-75: Does x11vnc support server-side framebuffer scaling? (E.g. to @@ -4503,7 +4690,7 @@ ied) As of Jun/2004 in the libvncserver CVS x11vnc provides basic server-side scaling. It is a global scaling of the desktop, not a - per-client setting. To enable it use the "[455]-scale fraction" + per-client setting. To enable it use the "[479]-scale fraction" option. "fraction" can either be a floating point number (e.g. -scale 0.5) or the alternative m/n fraction notation (e.g. -scale 2/3). Note that if fraction is greater than one the display is magnified. @@ -4524,7 +4711,7 @@ ied) One can also use the ":nb" with an integer scale factor (say "-scale 2:nb") to use x11vnc as a screen magnifier for vision impaired - [456]applications. Since with integer scale factors the framebuffers + [480]applications. Since with integer scale factors the framebuffers become huge and scaling operations time consuming, be sure to use ":nb" for the fastest response. @@ -4550,12 +4737,12 @@ ied) If one desires per-client scaling for something like 1:1 from a workstation and 1:2 from a smaller device (e.g. handheld), currently the only option is to run two (or more) x11vnc processes with - different scalings listening on separate ports ([457]-rfbport option, + different scalings listening on separate ports ([481]-rfbport option, etc.). BTW, whenever you run two or more x11vnc's on the same X display and - use the [458]GUI, then to avoid all of the x11vnc's simultaneously - answering the gui you will need to use something like [459]"-connect + use the [482]GUI, then to avoid all of the x11vnc's simultaneously + answering the gui you will need to use something like [483]"-connect file1 -gui ..." with different connect files for each x11vnc you want to control via the gui (or remote-control). The "-connect file1" usage gives separate communication channels between a x11vnc proces and the @@ -4564,7 +4751,7 @@ ied) Update: As of Mar/2005 in the libvncserver CVS x11vnc now scales the mouse cursor with the same scale factor as the screen. If you don't - want that, use the [460]"-scale_cursor frac" option to set the cursor + want that, use the [484]"-scale_cursor frac" option to set the cursor scaling to a different factor (e.g. use "-scale_cursor 1" to keep the cursor at its natural unscaled size). @@ -4586,16 +4773,16 @@ ied) screen is not rectangular (e.g. 1280x1024 and 1024x768 monitors joined together), then there will be "non-existent" areas on the screen. The X server will return "garbage" image data for these areas and so they - may be distracting to the viewer. The [461]-blackout x11vnc option + may be distracting to the viewer. The [485]-blackout x11vnc option allows you to blacken-out rectangles by manually specifying their WxH+X+Y geometries. If your system has the libXinerama library, the - [462]-xinerama x11vnc option can be used to have it automatically + [486]-xinerama x11vnc option can be used to have it automatically determine the rectangles to be blackened out. (Note on 8bpp PseudoColor displays the fill color may not be black). Some users have reported that the mouse does not behave properly for their Xinerama display: i.e. the mouse cannot be moved to all regions - of the large display. If this happens try using the [463]-xwarppointer + of the large display. If this happens try using the [487]-xwarppointer option. This instructs x11vnc to fake mouse pointer motions using the XWarpPointer function instead of the XTestFakeMotionEvent XTEST function. (This may be due to a bug in the X server for XTEST when @@ -4620,23 +4807,23 @@ ied) Note: if you are running on Solaris 8 or earlier you can easily hit up against the maximum of 6 shm segments per process (for Xsun in this case) from running multiple x11vnc processes. You should modify - /etc/system as mentioned in another [464]FAQ to increase the limit. It - is probably also a good idea to run with the [465]-onetile option in + /etc/system as mentioned in another [488]FAQ to increase the limit. It + is probably also a good idea to run with the [489]-onetile option in this case (to limit each x11vnc to 3 shm segments), or even - [466]-noshm to use no shm segments. + [490]-noshm to use no shm segments. Q-78: Can x11vnc show only a portion of the display? (E.g. for a special purpose rfb application). - As of Mar/2005 in the libvncserver CVS x11vnc has the "[467]-clip + As of Mar/2005 in the libvncserver CVS x11vnc has the "[491]-clip WxH+X+Y" option to select a rectangle of width W, height H and offset (X, Y). Thus the VNC screen will be the clipped sub-region of the display and be only WxH in size. One user used -clip to split up a - large [468]Xinerama screen into two more managable smaller screens. + large [492]Xinerama screen into two more managable smaller screens. This also works to view a sub-region of a single application window if - the [469]-id or [470]-sid options are used. The offset is measured + the [493]-id or [494]-sid options are used. The offset is measured from the upper left corner of the selected window. @@ -4645,7 +4832,7 @@ ied) crash. As of Dec/2004 in the libvncserver CVS x11vnc supports XRANDR. You - enable it with the [471]-xrandr option to make x11vnc monitor XRANDR + enable it with the [495]-xrandr option to make x11vnc monitor XRANDR events and also trap X server errors if the screen change occurred in the middle of an X call like XGetImage. Once it traps the screen change it will create a new framebuffer using the new screen. @@ -4655,7 +4842,7 @@ ied) then the viewer will automatically resize. Otherwise, the new framebuffer is fit as best as possible into the original viewer size (portions of the screen may be clipped, unused, etc). For these - viewers you can try the [472]-padgeom option to make the region big + viewers you can try the [496]-padgeom option to make the region big enough to hold all resizes and rotations. If you specify "-xrandr newfbsize" then vnc viewers that do not @@ -4710,9 +4897,9 @@ ied) * Fullscreen mode The way VMWare does Fullscreen mode on Linux is to display the Guest - desktop in a separate Virtual Console (e.g. VC 8) (see [473]this FAQ + desktop in a separate Virtual Console (e.g. VC 8) (see [497]this FAQ on VC's for background). Unfortunately, this Fullscreen VC is not an X - server. So x11vnc cannot access it (however, [474]see this for a + server. So x11vnc cannot access it (however, [498]see this for a possible partial workaround). x11vnc works fine with "Normal X application window" and "Quick-Switch mode" because these use X. @@ -4729,13 +4916,13 @@ ied) response. One can also cut the display depth (e.g. to 16bpp) in this 2nd X session to improve video performance. This 2nd X session emulates Fullscreen mode to some degree and can be viewed via x11vnc - as long as the VMWare X session [475]is in the active VC. + as long as the VMWare X session [499]is in the active VC. Also note that with a little bit of playing with "xwininfo -all -children" output one can extract the (non-toplevel) windowid of the of the Guest desktop only when VMWare is running as a normal X application. Then one can export just the guest desktop (i.e. without - the VMWare menu buttons) by use of the [476]-id windowid option. The + the VMWare menu buttons) by use of the [500]-id windowid option. The caveats are the X session VMWare is in must be in the active VC and the window must be fully visible, so this mode is not terribly convenient, but could be useful in some circumstances (e.g. running @@ -4816,7 +5003,7 @@ ied) screen to either shm or a mapped file. The format of these is XWD and so the initial header should be skipped. BTW, since XWD is not strictly RGB the view will only be approximate. Of course for the case - of Xvfb x11vnc can poll it much better via the [477]X API, but you get + of Xvfb x11vnc can poll it much better via the [501]X API, but you get the idea. By default in -rawfb mode x11vnc will actually close any X display it @@ -4869,7 +5056,7 @@ ied) keystrokes into the Linux console (e.g. the virtual consoles: /dev/tty1, /dev/tty2, etc) in x11vnc/misc/vcinject.pl. It is based on the vncterm/LinuxVNC.c program also in the libvncserver CVS. So to - view and interact with VC #2 (assuming it is the [478]active VC) one + view and interact with VC #2 (assuming it is the [502]active VC) one can run something like: x11vnc -rawfb map:/dev/fb0@1024x768x16 -pipeinput './vcinject.pl 2' @@ -4882,7 +5069,7 @@ ied) more accurate and faster LinuxVNC program. The only advantage x11vnc -rawfb might have is that it can presumably allow interaction with a non-text application, e.g. one based on svgalib. For example the - [479]VMWare Fullscreen mode is actually viewable under -rawfb. But + [503]VMWare Fullscreen mode is actually viewable under -rawfb. But this isn't much use until one figures out how to inject keystrokes and mouse events... @@ -4914,10 +5101,10 @@ ied) As of Jan/2004 in the libvncserver CVS x11vnc supports the "CutText" part of the rfb protocol. Furthermore, x11vnc is able to hold the PRIMARY selection (Xvnc does not seem to do this). If you don't want - the Clipboard/Selection exchanged use the [480]-nosel option. If you + the Clipboard/Selection exchanged use the [504]-nosel option. If you don't want the PRIMARY selection to be polled for changes use the - [481]-noprimary option. You can also fine-tune it a bit with the - [482]-seldir dir option. + [505]-noprimary option. You can also fine-tune it a bit with the + [506]-seldir dir option. You may need to watch out for desktop utilities such as KDE's "Klipper" that do odd things with the selection, clipboard, and @@ -4929,7 +5116,7 @@ ied) As of Oct/2005 x11vnc enables the TightVNC file transfer implementation that was added to libvncserver. This currently only works with TightVNC viewers (and Windows only it appears). It is on by - default, to disable it use the [483]-nofilexfer option. + default, to disable it use the [507]-nofilexfer option. Q-87: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when typing @@ -4940,7 +5127,7 @@ ied) not on by default in Solaris, see Xserver(1) for how to turn it on via +kb), and so you won't hear them if the extension is not present. - If you don't want to hear the beeps use the [484]-nobell option. If + If you don't want to hear the beeps use the [508]-nobell option. If you want to hear the audio from the remote applications, consider trying a redirector such as esd. @@ -4999,450 +5186,474 @@ References 38. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-allow-opt 39. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-tcp_wrappers 40. http://www.stunnel.org/ - 41. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-ssl-tunnel - 42. http://sourceforge.net/projects/libvncserver/ - 43. http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=32584&package_id=119006&release_id=393257 - 44. http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?release_id=393257&group_id=32584 - 45. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc-0.8.1.tar.gz - 46. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-binaries - 47. http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html - 48. http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html - 49. http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ - 50. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/rx11vnc - 51. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/rx11vnc.pl - 52. http://www.sunfreeware.com/ - 53. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/bins - 54. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#solarisbuilding - 55. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-build - 56. ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/ - 57. http://www.gzip.org/zlib/ - 58. http://www.sunfreeware.com/ - 59. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-solaris251build - 60. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc-0.8.1.tar.gz - 61. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/bins - 62. mailto:x11vnc-beta@karlrunge.com - 63. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw - 64. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw_nis - 65. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-localhost - 66. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-stunnel - 67. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-stunnel - 68. http://www.stunnel.org/ - 69. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-usepw - 70. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noclipboard - 71. 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http://www.tightvnc.com/ - 87. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rfbport - 88. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html - 89. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-passwd - 90. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/recurse_x11vnc.jpg - 91. http://wwws.sun.com/sunray/index.html - 92. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-wait - 93. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sb - 94. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-solid - 95. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rfbport - 96. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/vnc_findports - 97. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/findvncports - 98. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/shm_clear - 99. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-afteraccept - 100. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-scrollcopyrect - 101. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-wireframe - 102. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xvfb - 103. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-cursor - 104. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-overlay - 105. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-scrollcopyrect - 106. mailto:xvml@karlrunge.com - 107. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-thanks - 108. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xperms - 109. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-build - 110. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-missing-xtest - 111. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-solaris251build - 112. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-binaries - 113. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-viewer-download - 114. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-cmdline-opts - 115. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-config-file - 116. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-gui-tray - 117. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-quiet-bg - 118. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-sigpipe - 119. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-build-customizations - 120. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-win2vnc - 121. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-win2vnc-8bpp - 122. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-8bpp - 123. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-overlays - 124. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-windowid - 125. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-transients-id - 126. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-24bpp - 127. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-noshm - 128. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xterminal-xauth - 129. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-sunrays - 130. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-stop-bg - 131. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-remote_control - 132. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-passwd - 133. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-passwd-noecho - 134. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-passwdfile - 135. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-multipasswd - 136. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-input-opt - 137. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-forever-shared - 138. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-allow-opt - 139. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-tcp_wrappers - 140. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-listen-interface - 141. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-listen-localhost - 142. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-ssh-unix - 143. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-ssh-putty - 144. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-ssl-tunnel - 145. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-accept-opt - 146. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-unix-passwords - 147. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-users-opt - 148. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-blockdpy - 149. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-gone-lock - 150. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-service - 151. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-display-manager - 152. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-inetd - 153. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-loop - 154. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-java-http - 155. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-reverse-connect - 156. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xvfb - 157. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-headless - 158. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-solshm - 159. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-less-resource - 160. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-more-resource - 161. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-slow-link - 162. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xdamage - 163. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-pointer-mode - 164. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-wireframe - 165. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-scrollcopyrect - 166. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-cursor-shape - 167. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xfixes-alpha - 168. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xfixes-alpha-hacks - 169. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-cursor-arrow - 170. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-cursor-positions - 171. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-buttonmap-opt - 172. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-altgr - 173. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-greaterless - 174. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-greaterless-sloppy - 175. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xkbmodtweak - 176. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-repeated-keys - 177. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-repeated-keys-still - 178. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-remap-opt - 179. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-sun-alt-meta - 180. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-remap-button-click - 181. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-scrollbars - 182. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-scaling - 183. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xinerama - 184. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-multi-screen - 185. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-clip-screen - 186. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xrandr - 187. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-black-screen - 188. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-linuxvc - 189. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-vmware - 190. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-rawfb - 191. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-hidden-taskbars - 192. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-clipboard - 193. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-filexfer - 194. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-beeps - 195. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-thanks - 196. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-display - 197. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-auth - 198. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-display-manager - 199. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-users - 200. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#solarisbuilding - 201. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_sunos4.html - 202. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#building - 203. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-build - 204. http://packages.debian.org/x11vnc - 205. http://www.linuxpackages.net/search_view.php?by=name&name=x11vnc - 206. http://dag.wieers.com/packages/x11vnc/ - 207. http://dries.ulyssis.org/rpm/packages/x11vnc/info.html - 208. http://linux01.gwdg.de/~pbleser/rpm-navigation.php?cat=Network/x11vnc/ - 209. http://www.sunfreeware.com/ - 210. http://mike.saunby.net/770/x11vnc/ - 211. http://www.pdaxrom.org/ipk_feed.php?menuid=11&showfeed=unstable#x11vnc - 212. http://www.focv.com/ipkg/ - 213. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/bins - 214. http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html - 215. http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html - 216. http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ - 217. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html - 218. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-gui - 219. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-gui-tray - 220. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-q - 221. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-bg - 222. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-o - 223. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#solarisbuilding - 224. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nofb - 225. http://fredrik.hubbe.net/x2vnc.html - 226. 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http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-linuxvc + 500. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-id + 501. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-xvfb + 502. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-linuxvc + 503. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#faq-vmware + 504. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nosel + 505. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noprimary + 506. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-seldir + 507. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nofilexfer + 508. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nobell ======================================================================= @@ -5455,91 +5666,65 @@ x11vnc: a VNC server for real X displays Here are all of x11vnc command line options: % x11vnc -opts (see below for -help long descriptions) -x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.8.1 lastmod: 2006-03-11 +x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.8.1 lastmod: 2006-03-27 x11vnc options: - -display disp -auth file - -id windowid -sid windowid - -clip WxH+X+Y -flashcmap - -shiftcmap n -notruecolor - -visual n -overlay - -overlay_nocursor -8to24 [opts] - -scale fraction -scale_cursor frac - -viewonly -shared - -once -forever - -loop -timeout n - -inetd -nofilexfer - -http -connect string - -vncconnect -novncconnect - -allow host1[,host2..] -localhost - -nolookup -input string - -viewpasswd string -passwdfile filename - -unixpw [list] -unixpw_nis [list] - -ssl [pem] -sslverify [path] - -stunnel [pem] -stunnel3 [pem] - -usepw -storepasswd pass file - -nopw -accept string - -afteraccept string -gone string - -users list -noshm - -flipbyteorder -onetile - -solid [color] -blackout string - -xinerama -xtrap - -xrandr [mode] -padgeom WxH - -o logfile -flag file - -rc filename -norc - -h, -help -?, -opts - -V, -version -dbg - -q -bg - -modtweak -nomodtweak - -xkb -noxkb - -skip_keycodes string -sloppy_keys - -skip_dups -noskip_dups - -add_keysyms -noadd_keysyms - -clear_mods -clear_keys - -remap string -norepeat - -repeat -nofb - -nobell -nosel - -noprimary -nosetprimary - -noclipboard -nosetclipboard - -seldir string -cursor [mode] - -nocursor -arrow n - -noxfixes -alphacut n - -alphafrac fraction -alpharemove - -noalphablend -nocursorshape - -cursorpos -nocursorpos - -xwarppointer -buttonmap string - -nodragging -wireframe [str] - -nowireframe -wirecopyrect mode - -nowirecopyrect -debug_wireframe - -scrollcopyrect mode -noscrollcopyrect - -scr_area n -scr_skip list - -scr_inc list -scr_keys list - -scr_term list -scr_keyrepeat lo-hi - -scr_parms string -fixscreen string - -debug_scroll -noxrecord - -grab_buster -nograb_buster - -debug_grabs -debug_sel - -pointer_mode n -input_skip n - -speeds rd,bw,lat -wmdt string - -debug_pointer -debug_keyboard - -defer time -wait time - -wait_ui factor -nowait_bog - -slow_fb time -readtimeout n - -nap -nonap - -sb time -noxdamage - -xd_area A -xd_mem f - -sigpipe string -threads - -nothreads -fs f - -gaps n -grow n - -fuzz n -debug_tiles - -snapfb -rawfb string - -pipeinput cmd -gui [gui-opts] - -remote command -query variable - -QD variable -sync - -noremote -yesremote - -unsafe -safer - -privremote -nocmds - -deny_all + -display disp -auth file -id windowid + -sid windowid -clip WxH+X+Y -flashcmap + -shiftcmap n -notruecolor -visual n + -overlay -overlay_nocursor -8to24 [opts] + -scale fraction -scale_cursor frac -viewonly + -shared -once -forever + -loop -timeout n -inetd + -nofilexfer -http -connect string + -vncconnect -novncconnect -allow host1[,host2..] + -localhost -nolookup -input string + -viewpasswd string -passwdfile filename -unixpw [list] + -unixpw_nis [list] -ssl [pem] -sslverify [path] + -stunnel [pem] -stunnel3 [pem] -https [port] + -usepw -storepasswd pass file -nopw + -accept string -afteraccept string -gone string + -users list -noshm -flipbyteorder + -onetile -solid [color] -blackout string + -xinerama -noxinerama -xtrap + -xrandr [mode] -padgeom WxH -o logfile + -flag file -rc filename -norc + -h, -help -?, -opts -V, -version + -dbg -q -bg + -modtweak -nomodtweak -xkb + -noxkb -skip_keycodes string -sloppy_keys + -skip_dups -noskip_dups -add_keysyms + -noadd_keysyms -clear_mods -clear_keys + -remap string -norepeat -repeat + -nofb -nobell -nosel + -noprimary -nosetprimary -noclipboard + -nosetclipboard -seldir string -cursor [mode] + -nocursor -arrow n -noxfixes + -alphacut n -alphafrac fraction -alpharemove + -noalphablend -nocursorshape -cursorpos + -nocursorpos -xwarppointer -buttonmap string + -nodragging -wireframe [str] -nowireframe + -wirecopyrect mode -nowirecopyrect -debug_wireframe + -scrollcopyrect mode -noscrollcopyrect -scr_area n + -scr_skip list -scr_inc list -scr_keys list + -scr_term list -scr_keyrepeat lo-hi -scr_parms string + -fixscreen string -debug_scroll -noxrecord + -grab_buster -nograb_buster -debug_grabs + -debug_sel -pointer_mode n -input_skip n + -speeds rd,bw,lat -wmdt string -debug_pointer + -debug_keyboard -defer time -wait time + -wait_ui factor -nowait_bog -slow_fb time + -readtimeout n -nap -nonap + -sb time -noxdamage -xd_area A + -xd_mem f -sigpipe string -threads + -nothreads -fs f -gaps n + -grow n -fuzz n -debug_tiles + -snapfb -rawfb string -pipeinput cmd + -gui [gui-opts] -remote command -query variable + -QD variable -sync -noremote + -yesremote -unsafe -safer + -privremote -nocmds -deny_all + libvncserver options: -rfbport port TCP port for RFB protocol @@ -5571,7 +5756,9 @@ libvncserver-tight-extension options: % x11vnc -help -x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.8.1 lastmod: 2006-03-11 +x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.8.1 lastmod: 2006-03-27 + +(type "x11vnc -opts" to just list the options.) Typical usage is: @@ -5977,20 +6164,22 @@ Options: send one before a 25 second timeout. Existing clients are view-only during this period. - Since the detailed behavior of su(1) can vary from OS - to OS and for local configurations, please test the mode + Since the detailed behavior of su(1) can vary from + OS to OS and for local configurations, test the mode carefully on your systems before using it in production. - E.g. try different combinations of valid/invalid - usernames and valid/invalid passwords to see if it - behaves correctly. x11vnc will be conservative and - reject a user if anything abnormal occurs. - - For example, on FreeBSD and the other BSD's by default - it is impossible for the user running x11vnc to validate - his *own* password via su(1) (evidently commenting - out the pam_self.so entry in /etc/pam.d/su eliminates - the problem). So the x11vnc login will always fail for - this case. A possible workaround would be to start + Test different combinations of valid/invalid usernames + and valid/invalid passwords to see if it behaves as + expected. x11vnc will attempt to be conservative and + reject a login if anything abnormal occurs. + + On FreeBSD and the other BSD's by default it is + impossible for the user running x11vnc to validate + his *own* password via su(1) (evidently commenting out + the pam_self.so entry in /etc/pam.d/su eliminates this + problem). So the x11vnc login will always *fail* for + this case (even when the correct password is supplied). + + A possible workaround for this would be to start x11vnc as root with the "-users +nobody" option to immediately switch to user nobody. Another source of problems are PAM modules that prompt for extra info, @@ -6013,48 +6202,50 @@ Options: -stunnel SSL mode be used for encryption over the network.(see the description of -stunnel below). - As a convenience, if you ssh(1) in and start x11vnc it - will check if the environment variable SSH_CONNECTION - is set and appears reasonable. If it does, then the - -ssl or -stunnel requirement will be dropped since it is - assumed you are using ssh for the encrypted tunnelling. - -localhost is still enforced. Use -ssl or -stunnel to - force SSL usage for this case. + Note: as a convenience, if you ssh(1) in and start + x11vnc it will check if the environment variable + SSH_CONNECTION is set and appears reasonable. If it + does, then the -ssl or -stunnel requirement will be + dropped since it is assumed you are using ssh for the + encrypted tunnelling. -localhost is still enforced. + Use -ssl or -stunnel to force SSL usage even if + SSH_CONNECTION is set. - To override these restrictions you can set environment - variables before starting x11vnc: + To override the above restrictions you can set + environment variables before starting x11vnc: Set UNIXPW_DISABLE_SSL=1 to disable requiring either -ssl or -stunnel. Evidently you will be using a different method to encrypt the data between the - vncviewer and x11vnc: e.g. ssh(1) or a VPN. Note that - use of -localhost with ssh(1) is roughly the same as - requiring a Unix user login (since a Unix password or - the user's public key authentication is used by sshd on - the machine where x11vnc runs and only local connections - are accepted) + vncviewer and x11vnc: perhaps ssh(1) or an IPSEC VPN. + + Note that use of -localhost with ssh(1) is roughly + the same as requiring a Unix user login (since a Unix + password or the user's public key authentication is + used by sshd on the machine where x11vnc runs and only + local connections from that machine are accepted) Set UNIXPW_DISABLE_LOCALHOST=1 to disable the -localhost requirement in Method 2). One should never do this (i.e. allow the Unix passwords to be sniffed on the network). - Regarding reverse connections (e.g. -R connect:host), - if the -localhost constraint is in effect then reverse - connections can only be used to connect to the same - machine x11vnc is running on (default port 5500). - Please use a ssh or stunnel port redirection to the - viewer machine to tunnel the reverse connection over - an encrypted channel. Note that in -ssl mode reverse - connection are disabled. - - XXX -inetd + -ssl - In -inetd mode the two settings are attempted to be - enforced for reverse connections. Be sure to also - use encryption from the viewer to inetd since x11vnc - cannot guess easily if it is encrpyted. Tip: you can - also have your own stunnel spawn x11vnc in -inetd mode - (i.e. bypassing inetd). See the FAQ for details. + Regarding reverse connections (e.g. -R connect:host + and -connect host), when the -localhost constraint is + in effect then reverse connections can only be used + to connect to the same machine x11vnc is running on + (default port 5500). Please use a ssh or stunnel port + redirection to the viewer machine to tunnel the reverse + connection over an encrypted channel. Note that in -ssl + mode reverse connection are disabled (see below). + + In -inetd mode the Method 1) will be enforced (not + Method 2). With -ssl in effect reverse connections + are disabled. If you override this via env. var, be + sure to also use encryption from the viewer to inetd. + Tip: you can also have your own stunnel spawn x11vnc + in -inetd mode (thereby bypassing inetd). See the FAQ + for details. The user names in the comma separated [list] can have per-user options after a ":", e.g. "fred:opts" @@ -6069,22 +6260,24 @@ Options: Use "deny" to explicitly deny some users if you use "*" to set a global option. - There are also some tools for testing password if [list] - starts with the "%" character. See the quick_pw() - function for details. + There are also some utilities for testing password + if [list] starts with the "%" character. See the + quick_pw() function in the source for details. -unixpw_nis [list] As -unixpw above, however do not use su(1) but rather - use the traditional getpwnam(3) + crypt(3) method - instead. This requires that the encrpyted passwords - be readable. Passwords stored in /etc/shadow will - be inaccessible unless run as root. This is called - "NIS" mode simply because in most NIS setups the - user encrypted passwords are accessible (e.g. "ypcat - passwd"). NIS is not required for this mode to work - (only that getpwnam(3) return the encrpyted password - is required), but it is unlikely it will work for any - other environment. All of the -unixpw options and - contraints apply. + use the traditional getpwnam(3) + crypt(3) method to + verify passwords instead. This requires that the + encrpyted passwords be readable. Passwords stored + in /etc/shadow will be inaccessible unless x11vnc + is run as root. + + This is called "NIS" mode simply because in most + NIS setups the user encrypted passwords are accessible + (e.g. "ypcat passwd"). NIS is not required for this + mode to work (only that getpwnam(3) return the encrpyted + password is required), but it is unlikely it will work + for any other modern environment. All of the -unixpw + options and contraints apply. -ssl [pem] Use the openssl library (www.openssl.org) to provide a built-in encrypted SSL tunnel between VNC viewers and @@ -6093,30 +6286,33 @@ Options: with libssl support it will exit immediately when -ssl is prescribed. - [pem] is optional, use "-ssl /path/to/mycert.pem" to - specify a PEM certificate file to use to identify and - provide a key for this server. - - Connecting VNC viewer SSL tunnels can authenticate - this server if they have the public key part of the - certificate (or a common certificate authority, CA, - verifies this server's cert). This is used to prevent - man-in-the-middle attacks. Otherwise, if the VNC viewer - accepts this server's key without verification, at - least the traffic is protected from passive sniffing - on the network. + [pem] is optional, use "-ssl /path/to/mycert.pem" + to specify a PEM certificate file to use to identify + and provide a key for this server. See openssl(1) + for what a PEM can be. + + Connecting VNC viewer SSL tunnels can optionally + authenticate this server if they have the public + key part of the certificate (or a common certificate + authority, CA, is a more sophisicated way to verify + this server's cert). This is used to prevent + man-in-the-middle attacks. Otherwise, if the VNC + viewer accepts this server's key without verification, + at least the traffic is protected from passive sniffing + on the network (but NOT from man-in-the-middle attacks). If [pem] is not supplied and the openssl(1) utility command exists in PATH, then a temporary, self-signed certificate will be generated for this session (this - may take 5-20 seconds on slow machines). If openssl(1) + may take 5-30 seconds on slow machines). If openssl(1) cannot be used to generate a temporary certificate x11vnc exits immediately. If successful in using openssl(1) to generate a - certificate, the public part of it will be displayed - to stdout (e.g. one could copy it to the client-side - to provide authentication of the server to VNC viewers.) + temporary certificate, the public part of it will be + displayed to stderr (e.g. one could copy it to the + client-side to provide authentication of the server to + VNC viewers.) Set the env. var. X11VNC_SHOW_TMP_PEM=1 to have x11vnc print out the entire certificate, including the PRIVATE @@ -6126,20 +6322,23 @@ Options: will be printed to stderr (so one could move it to a safe place for reuse). - Reverse connections are disabled in -ssl - mode because the data cannot be encrypted. - Set X11VNC_SSL_ALLOW_REVERSE=1 to override this. + Reverse connections are disabled in -ssl mode because + there is no way to ensure that data channel will + be encrypted. Set X11VNC_SSL_ALLOW_REVERSE=1 to + override this. Your VNC viewer will also need to be able to connect - via SSL. See the discussion below under -stunnel and - the FAQ for how this might be achieved. E.g. on Unix it - is easy to write a shell script that starts up stunnel - and then vncviewer. + via SSL. See the discussion below under -stunnel + and the FAQ for how this might be achieved. E.g. on + Unix it is easy to write a shell script that starts up + stunnel and then vncviewer. Also in the x11vnc source + a SSL enabled Java VNC Viewer applet is provided in + the classes/ssl directory. -sslverify [path] For either of the -ssl or -stunnel modes, use [path] to provide certificates to authenticate incoming VNC client connections. This can be used as a method to - replace standard password authentication. + replace standard password authentication of clients. If [path] is a directory it contains the client (or CA) certificates in separate files. If [path] is a file, it @@ -6149,37 +6348,44 @@ Options: To create certificates for all sorts of authentications (clients, servers, via CA, etc) see the openssl(1) - command. Of particular usefulness is the x509 + command. Of particular usefulness is the "x509" subcommand of openssl(1). --stunnel [pem] Use the stunnel(8) (www.stunnel.org) to provide - an encrypted SSL tunnel between viewers and x11vnc. - This requires stunnel to be installed on the system and - available via PATH (n.b. stunnel is often installed in - sbin directories). Version 4.x of stunnel is assumed - (but see -stunnel3 below.) +-stunnel [pem] Use the stunnel(8) (www.stunnel.org) to provide an + encrypted SSL tunnel between viewers and x11vnc. This + was implemented prior to the integrated -ssl encrpytion. + It works well. This requires stunnel to be installed + on the system and available via PATH (n.b. stunnel is + often installed in sbin directories). Version 4.x of + stunnel is assumed (but see -stunnel3 below.) [pem] is optional, use "-stunnel /path/to/stunnel.pem" to specify a PEM certificate file to pass to stunnel. Whether one is needed or not depends on your stunnel configuration. stunnel often generates one at install - time. + time. See the stunnel documentation for details. stunnel is started up as a child process of x11vnc and any SSL connections stunnel receives are decrypted and sent to x11vnc over a local socket. The strings "The SSL VNC desktop is ..." and "SSLPORT=..." - are printed out at startup. + are printed out at startup to indicate this. - The -localhost option is enforced by default to - avoid people routing around the SSL channel. Set - STUNNEL_DISABLE_LOCALHOST=1 to disable the requirement. + The -localhost option is enforced by default + to avoid people routing around the SSL channel. + Set STUNNEL_DISABLE_LOCALHOST=1 before starting x11vnc + to disable the requirement. - Your VNC viewer will also need to be able to connect - via SSL. Unfortunately not too many do this. UltraVNC - seems to have an encryption plugin. It is not too - difficult to set up an stunnel or other SSL tunnel on - the viewer side. + Your VNC viewer will also need to be able to connect via + SSL. Unfortunately not too many do this. UltraVNC has + an encryption plugin but it does not seem to be SSL. + + In the x11vnc distribution, a patched TightVNC Java + applet is provided in classes/ssl that does SSL + connections (only). + + It is also not too difficult to set up an stunnel or + other SSL tunnel on the viewer side. A simple example on Unix using stunnel 3.x is: @@ -6193,6 +6399,35 @@ Options: -stunnel3 [pem] Use version 3.x stunnel command line syntax instead of version 4.x +-https [port] Choose a separate HTTPS port (-ssl mode only). + + In -ssl mode, it turns out you can use the + single VNC port (e.g. 5900) for both VNC and HTTPS + connections. (HTTPS is used to retrieve a SSL-aware + VncViewer.jar applet that is provided with x11vnc). + Since both use SSL the implementation was extended to + detect if HTTP traffic (i.e. GET) is taking place and + handle it accordingly. The URL would be, e.g.: + + https://mymachine.org:5900/ + + This is convenient for firewalls, etc, because only one + port needs to be allowed in. However, this heuristic + adds a few seconds delay to each connection and can be + unreliable (especially if the user takes much time to + ponder the Certificate dialogs in his browser, Java VM, + or VNC Viewer applet. That's right 3 separate "Are + you sure you want to connect" dialogs!) + + So use the -https option to provide a separate, + more reliable HTTPS port that x11vnc will listen on. + If [port] is not provided, one is autoselected. + The URL to use is printed out at startup. + + The SSL Java applet directory is specified via the + -httpdir option. If not supplied it will try to guess + the directory as though the -http option was supplied. + -usepw If no other password method was supplied on the command line, first look for ~/.vnc/passwd and if found use it with -rfbauth; next, look for ~/.vnc/passwdfile and @@ -6398,9 +6633,10 @@ Options: string "noptr" the mouse pointer will not be allowed to go into a blacked out region. -xinerama If your screen is composed of multiple monitors - glued together via XINERAMA, and that screen is +-noxinerama glued together via XINERAMA, and that screen is not a rectangle this option will try to guess the areas to black out (if your system has libXinerama). + default: -xinerama In general, we have noticed on XINERAMA displays you may need to use the "-xwarppointer" option if the mouse |