<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <!-- /home/espenr/tmp/qt-3.3.8-espenr-2499/qt-x11-free-3.3.8/examples/tictac/tictac.doc:4 --> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Tic Tac Toe</title> <style type="text/css"><!-- fn { margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm; } a:link { color: #004faf; text-decoration: none } a:visited { color: #672967; text-decoration: none } body { background: #ffffff; color: black; } --></style> </head> <body> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr bgcolor="#E5E5E5"> <td valign=center> <a href="index.html"> <font color="#004faf">Home</font></a> | <a href="classes.html"> <font color="#004faf">All Classes</font></a> | <a href="mainclasses.html"> <font color="#004faf">Main Classes</font></a> | <a href="annotated.html"> <font color="#004faf">Annotated</font></a> | <a href="groups.html"> <font color="#004faf">Grouped Classes</font></a> | <a href="functions.html"> <font color="#004faf">Functions</font></a> </td> <td align="right" valign="center"><img src="logo32.png" align="right" width="64" height="32" border="0"></td></tr></table><h1 align=center>Tic Tac Toe</h1> <p> This is an implementation of the Tic-tac-toe game. <p> We didn't put much effort in making a clever algorithm so it's not a challenge to play against the computer. Instead, study the source code to see how you can make reusable components such as the <em>TicTacGameBoard</em> widget. <p> <hr> <p> Header file: <p> <pre>/**************************************************************************** ** $Id: qt/tictac.h 3.3.8 edited Jan 11 14:37 $ ** ** Copyright (C) 1992-2007 Trolltech ASA. All rights reserved. ** ** This file is part of an example program for TQt. This example ** program may be used, distributed and modified without limitation. ** *****************************************************************************/ #ifndef TICTAC_H #define TICTAC_H #include <<a href="qpushbutton-h.html">ntqpushbutton.h</a>> #include <<a href="qptrvector-h.html">ntqptrvector.h</a>> class TQComboBox; class TQLabel; // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacButton implements a single tic-tac-toe button // class TicTacButton : public <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> { <a href="metaobjects.html#TQ_OBJECT">TQ_OBJECT</a> public: TicTacButton( <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> *parent ); enum Type { Blank, Circle, Cross }; Type type() const { return t; } void setType( Type type ) { t = type; repaint(); } <a href="ntqsizepolicy.html">TQSizePolicy</a> sizePolicy() const { return TQSizePolicy( TQSizePolicy::Preferred, TQSizePolicy::Preferred ); } <a href="ntqsize.html">TQSize</a> sizeHint() const { return TQSize( 32, 32 ); } <a href="ntqsize.html">TQSize</a> minimumSizeHint() const { return TQSize( 10, 10 ); } protected: void drawButtonLabel( <a href="ntqpainter.html">TQPainter</a> * ); private: Type t; }; // Using template vector to make vector-class of TicTacButton. // This vector is used by the TicTacGameBoard class defined below. typedef TQPtrVector<TicTacButton> TicTacButtons; typedef TQMemArray<int> TicTacArray; // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacGameBoard implements the tic-tac-toe game board. // TicTacGameBoard is a composite widget that contains N x N TicTacButtons. // N is specified in the constructor. // class TicTacGameBoard : public <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> { TQ_OBJECT public: TicTacGameBoard( int n, TQWidget *parent=0, const char *name=0 ); ~TicTacGameBoard(); enum State { Init, HumansTurn, HumanWon, ComputerWon, NobodyWon }; State state() const { return st; } void computerStarts( bool v ); void newGame(); signals: void finished(); // game finished private slots: void buttonClicked(); private: void setState( State state ) { st = state; } void updateButtons(); int checkBoard( TicTacArray * ); void computerMove(); State st; int nBoard; bool comp_starts; TicTacArray *btArray; TicTacButtons *buttons; }; // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacToe implements the complete game. // TicTacToe is a composite widget that contains a TicTacGameBoard and // two push buttons for starting the game and quitting. // class TicTacToe : public <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> { TQ_OBJECT public: TicTacToe( int boardSize=3, TQWidget *parent=0, const char *name=0 ); private slots: void newGameClicked(); void gameOver(); private: void newState(); <a href="ntqcombobox.html">TQComboBox</a> *whoStarts; <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> *newGame; <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> *quit; <a href="ntqlabel.html">TQLabel</a> *message; TicTacGameBoard *board; }; #endif // TICTAC_H </pre> <p> <hr> <p> Implementation: <p> <pre>/**************************************************************************** ** $Id: qt/tictac.cpp 3.3.8 edited Jan 11 14:37 $ ** ** Copyright (C) 1992-2007 Trolltech ASA. All rights reserved. ** ** This file is part of an example program for TQt. This example ** program may be used, distributed and modified without limitation. ** *****************************************************************************/ #include "tictac.h" #include <<a href="qapplication-h.html">ntqapplication.h</a>> #include <<a href="qpainter-h.html">ntqpainter.h</a>> #include <<a href="qdrawutil-h.html">ntqdrawutil.h</a>> #include <<a href="qcombobox-h.html">ntqcombobox.h</a>> #include <<a href="qcheckbox-h.html">ntqcheckbox.h</a>> #include <<a href="qlabel-h.html">ntqlabel.h</a>> #include <<a href="qlayout-h.html">ntqlayout.h</a>> #include <stdlib.h> // rand() function #include <<a href="qdatetime-h.html">ntqdatetime.h</a>> // seed for rand() //*************************************************************************** //* TicTacButton member functions //*************************************************************************** // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Creates a TicTacButton // <a name="f188"></a>TicTacButton::TicTacButton( <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> *parent ) : <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( parent ) { t = Blank; // initial type } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Paints TicTacButton // <a name="x31"></a>void TicTacButton::<a href="ntqbutton.html#drawButtonLabel">drawButtonLabel</a>( <a href="ntqpainter.html">TQPainter</a> *p ) { <a href="ntqrect.html">TQRect</a> r = <a href="ntqwidget.html#rect">rect</a>(); p-><a href="ntqpainter.html#setPen">setPen</a>( TQPen( white,2 ) ); // set fat pen if ( t == Circle ) { <a name="x36"></a><a name="x35"></a><a name="x28"></a> p-><a href="ntqpainter.html#drawEllipse">drawEllipse</a>( r.<a href="ntqrect.html#left">left</a>()+4, r.<a href="ntqrect.html#top">top</a>()+4, r.<a href="ntqrect.html#width">width</a>()-8, r.<a href="ntqrect.html#height">height</a>()-8 ); } else if ( t == Cross ) { // draw cross <a name="x37"></a><a name="x33"></a> p-><a href="ntqpainter.html#drawLine">drawLine</a>( r.<a href="ntqrect.html#topLeft">topLeft</a>() +TQPoint(4,4), r.<a href="ntqrect.html#bottomRight">bottomRight</a>()-TQPoint(4,4)); <a name="x38"></a><a name="x32"></a> p-><a href="ntqpainter.html#drawLine">drawLine</a>( r.<a href="ntqrect.html#bottomLeft">bottomLeft</a>()+TQPoint(4,-4),r.<a href="ntqrect.html#topRight">topRight</a>() -TQPoint(4,-4)); } } //*************************************************************************** //* TicTacGameBoard member functions //*************************************************************************** // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Creates a game board with N x N buttons and connects the "clicked()" // signal of all buttons to the "buttonClicked()" slot. // <a name="f189"></a>TicTacGameBoard::TicTacGameBoard( int n, TQWidget *parent, const char *name ) : <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a>( parent, name ) { st = Init; // initial state nBoard = n; n *= n; // make square comp_starts = FALSE; // human starts buttons = new TicTacButtons(n); // create real buttons btArray = new TicTacArray(n); // create button model <a href="qgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a> * grid = new <a href="qgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a>( this, nBoard, nBoard, 4 ); <a href="ntqpalette.html">TQPalette</a> p( blue ); for ( int i=0; i<n; i++ ) { // create and connect buttons TicTacButton *ttb = new TicTacButton( this ); <a name="x45"></a> ttb-><a href="ntqwidget.html#setPalette">setPalette</a>( p ); ttb-><a href="ntqwidget.html#setEnabled">setEnabled</a>( FALSE ); <a href="ntqobject.html#connect">connect</a>( ttb, SIGNAL(<a href="ntqbutton.html#clicked">clicked</a>()), SLOT(buttonClicked()) ); grid-><a href="qgridlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( ttb, i%nBoard, i/nBoard ); buttons->insert( i, ttb ); btArray->at(i) = TicTacButton::Blank; // initial button type } <a name="x40"></a> <a href="qtime.html">TQTime</a> t = TQTime::<a href="qtime.html#currentTime">currentTime</a>(); // set random seed <a name="x43"></a><a name="x42"></a><a name="x41"></a> srand( t.<a href="qtime.html#hour">hour</a>()*12+t.<a href="qtime.html#minute">minute</a>()*60+t.<a href="qtime.html#second">second</a>()*60 ); } TicTacGameBoard::~TicTacGameBoard() { delete buttons; delete btArray; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacGameBoard::computerStarts( bool v ) // // Computer starts if v=TRUE. The human starts by default. // void <a name="f190"></a>TicTacGameBoard::computerStarts( bool v ) { comp_starts = v; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacGameBoard::newGame() // // Clears the game board and prepares for a new game // void <a name="f191"></a>TicTacGameBoard::newGame() { st = HumansTurn; for ( int i=0; i<nBoard*nBoard; i++ ) btArray->at(i) = TicTacButton::Blank; if ( comp_starts ) computerMove(); else updateButtons(); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacGameBoard::buttonClicked() - SLOT // // This slot is activated when a TicTacButton emits the signal "clicked()", // i.e. the user has clicked on a TicTacButton. // void <a name="f192"></a>TicTacGameBoard::buttonClicked() { if ( st != HumansTurn ) // not ready return; int i = buttons->findRef( (TicTacButton*)<a href="ntqobject.html#sender">sender</a>() ); TicTacButton *b = buttons->at(i); // get piece that was pressed if ( b->type() == TicTacButton::Blank ) { // empty piece? btArray->at(i) = TicTacButton::Circle; updateButtons(); if ( checkBoard( btArray ) == 0 ) // not a winning move? computerMove(); int s = checkBoard( btArray ); if ( s ) { // any winners yet? st = s == TicTacButton::Circle ? HumanWon : ComputerWon; emit finished(); } } } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacGameBoard::updateButtons() // // Updates all buttons that have changed state // void <a name="f193"></a>TicTacGameBoard::updateButtons() { for ( int i=0; i<nBoard*nBoard; i++ ) { if ( buttons->at(i)->type() != btArray->at(i) ) buttons->at(i)->setType( (TicTacButton::Type)btArray->at(i) ); buttons->at(i)->setEnabled( buttons->at(i)->type() == TicTacButton::Blank ); } } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacGameBoard::checkBoard() // // Checks if one of the players won the game, works for any board size. // // Returns: // - TicTacButton::Cross if the player with X buttons won // - TicTacButton::Circle if the player with O buttons won // - Zero (0) if there is no winner yet // int <a name="f194"></a>TicTacGameBoard::checkBoard( TicTacArray *a ) { int t = 0; int row, col; bool won = FALSE; for ( row=0; row<nBoard && !won; row++ ) { // check horizontal t = a->at(row*nBoard); if ( t == TicTacButton::Blank ) continue; col = 1; while ( col<nBoard && a->at(row*nBoard+col) == t ) col++; if ( col == nBoard ) won = TRUE; } for ( col=0; col<nBoard && !won; col++ ) { // check vertical t = a->at(col); if ( t == TicTacButton::Blank ) continue; row = 1; while ( row<nBoard && a->at(row*nBoard+col) == t ) row++; if ( row == nBoard ) won = TRUE; } if ( !won ) { // check diagonal top left t = a->at(0); // to bottom right if ( t != TicTacButton::Blank ) { int i = 1; while ( i<nBoard && a->at(i*nBoard+i) == t ) i++; if ( i == nBoard ) won = TRUE; } } if ( !won ) { // check diagonal bottom left int j = nBoard-1; // to top right int i = 0; t = a->at(i+j*nBoard); if ( t != TicTacButton::Blank ) { i++; j--; while ( i<nBoard && a->at(i+j*nBoard) == t ) { i++; j--; } if ( i == nBoard ) won = TRUE; } } if ( !won ) // no winner t = 0; return t; } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacGameBoard::computerMove() // // Puts a piece on the game board. Very, very simple. // void <a name="f195"></a>TicTacGameBoard::computerMove() { int numButtons = nBoard*nBoard; int *altv = new int[numButtons]; // buttons alternatives int altc = 0; int stopHuman = -1; TicTacArray a = btArray->copy(); int i; for ( i=0; i<numButtons; i++ ) { // try all positions if ( a[i] != TicTacButton::Blank ) // already a piece there continue; a[i] = TicTacButton::Cross; // test if computer wins if ( checkBoard(&a) == a[i] ) { // computer will win st = ComputerWon; stopHuman = -1; break; } a[i] = TicTacButton::Circle; // test if human wins if ( checkBoard(&a) == a[i] ) { // oops... stopHuman = i; // remember position a[i] = TicTacButton::Blank; // restore button continue; // computer still might win } a[i] = TicTacButton::Blank; // restore button altv[altc++] = i; // remember alternative } if ( stopHuman >= 0 ) // must stop human from winning a[stopHuman] = TicTacButton::Cross; else if ( i == numButtons ) { // tried all alternatives if ( altc > 0 ) // set random piece a[altv[rand()%(altc--)]] = TicTacButton::Cross; if ( altc == 0 ) { // no more blanks st = NobodyWon; emit finished(); } } *btArray = a; // update model updateButtons(); // update buttons delete[] altv; } //*************************************************************************** //* TicTacToe member functions //*************************************************************************** // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Creates a game widget with a game board and two push buttons, and connects // signals of child widgets to slots. // <a name="f196"></a>TicTacToe::TicTacToe( int boardSize, TQWidget *parent, const char *name ) : <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a>( parent, name ) { <a href="qvboxlayout.html">TQVBoxLayout</a> * l = new <a href="qvboxlayout.html">TQVBoxLayout</a>( this, 6 ); // Create a message label message = new <a href="ntqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( this ); <a name="x24"></a> message-><a href="ntqframe.html#setFrameStyle">setFrameStyle</a>( TQFrame::WinPanel | TQFrame::Sunken ); message-><a href="ntqlabel.html#setAlignment">setAlignment</a>( AlignCenter ); l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( message ); // Create the game board and connect the signal finished() to this // gameOver() slot board = new TicTacGameBoard( boardSize, this ); <a href="ntqobject.html#connect">connect</a>( board, SIGNAL(finished()), SLOT(gameOver()) ); l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( board ); // Create a horizontal frame line <a href="ntqframe.html">TQFrame</a> *line = new <a href="ntqframe.html">TQFrame</a>( this ); line-><a href="ntqframe.html#setFrameStyle">setFrameStyle</a>( TQFrame::HLine | TQFrame::Sunken ); l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( line ); // Create the combo box for deciding who should start, and // connect its clicked() signals to the buttonClicked() slot whoStarts = new <a href="ntqcombobox.html">TQComboBox</a>( this ); <a name="x23"></a> whoStarts-><a href="ntqcombobox.html#insertItem">insertItem</a>( "Computer starts" ); whoStarts-><a href="ntqcombobox.html#insertItem">insertItem</a>( "Human starts" ); l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( whoStarts ); // Create the push buttons and connect their clicked() signals // to this right slots. newGame = new <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( "Play!", this ); <a href="ntqobject.html#connect">connect</a>( newGame, SIGNAL(<a href="ntqbutton.html#clicked">clicked</a>()), SLOT(newGameClicked()) ); quit = new <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( "Quit", this ); <a href="ntqobject.html#connect">connect</a>( quit, SIGNAL(<a href="ntqbutton.html#clicked">clicked</a>()), tqApp, SLOT(<a href="ntqapplication.html#quit">quit</a>()) ); <a href="qhboxlayout.html">TQHBoxLayout</a> * b = new <a href="qhboxlayout.html">TQHBoxLayout</a>; <a name="x19"></a> l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addLayout">addLayout</a>( b ); b-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( newGame ); b-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( quit ); newState(); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacToe::newGameClicked() - SLOT // // This slot is activated when the new game button is clicked. // void <a name="f197"></a>TicTacToe::newGameClicked() { <a name="x22"></a> board->computerStarts( whoStarts-><a href="ntqcombobox.html#currentItem">currentItem</a>() == 0 ); board->newGame(); newState(); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // TicTacToe::gameOver() - SLOT // // This slot is activated when the TicTacGameBoard emits the signal // "finished()", i.e. when a player has won or when it is a draw. // void <a name="f198"></a>TicTacToe::gameOver() { newState(); // update text box } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Updates the message to reflect a new state. // void <a name="f199"></a>TicTacToe::newState() { static const char *msg[] = { // TicTacGameBoard::State texts "Click Play to start", "Make your move", "You won!", "Computer won!", "It's a draw" }; message-><a href="ntqlabel.html#setText">setText</a>( msg[board->state()] ); return; } </pre> <p> <hr> <p> Main: <p> <pre>/**************************************************************************** ** $Id: qt/main.cpp 3.3.8 edited Jan 11 14:37 $ ** ** Copyright (C) 1992-2007 Trolltech ASA. All rights reserved. ** ** This file is part of an example program for TQt. This example ** program may be used, distributed and modified without limitation. ** *****************************************************************************/ #include <<a href="qapplication-h.html">ntqapplication.h</a>> #include <stdlib.h> #include "tictac.h" int main( int argc, char **argv ) { <a href="ntqapplication.html">TQApplication</a> a( argc, argv ); int n = 3; if ( argc == 2 ) // get board size n n = atoi(argv[1]); if ( n < 3 || n > 10 ) { // out of range <a href="ntqapplication.html#qWarning">tqWarning</a>( "%s: Board size must be from 3x3 to 10x10", argv[0] ); return 1; } TicTacToe ttt( n ); // create game a.<a href="ntqapplication.html#setMainWidget">setMainWidget</a>( &ttt ); ttt.<a href="ntqwidget.html#setCaption">setCaption</a>("TQt Example - TicTac"); ttt.<a href="ntqwidget.html#show">show</a>(); // show widget return a.<a href="ntqapplication.html#exec">exec</a>(); // go } </pre> <p>See also <a href="examples.html">Examples</a>. <!-- eof --> <p><address><hr><div align=center> <table width=100% cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td>Copyright © 2007 <a href="troll.html">Trolltech</a><td align=center><a href="trademarks.html">Trademarks</a> <td align=right><div align=right>TQt 3.3.8</div> </table></div></address></body> </html>